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SPAL

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For the police service, see Longueuil Agglomeration Police Service.

Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor, commonly referred to by the acronym SPAL (Italian pronunciation: [spal]), is a professional football club based in Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The team plays in Serie C, the third tier of the Italian football league system.

S.P.A.L.
Full nameSocietà Polisportiva Ars et Labor
Nickname(s)I Biancazzurri (The White and Blues)[1]
Gli Estensi (The House of Este)[2]
Founded1907; 117 years ago (1907) as Circolo Ars et Labor
2005; 19 years ago (2005) (refounded)
2012; 12 years ago (2012) (refounded)
GroundStadio Paolo Mazza,
Ferrara, Italy
Capacity16,134[3]
OwnerTacollano Holdings LLC[4]
ChairmanJoe Tacopina
Head coachAndrea Dossena
LeagueSerie C Group B
2023–24Serie C Group B, 11th of 20
Websitehttp://www.spalferrara.it/
Current season

Founded in 1907, since 1928 they have played their home matches at Stadio Paolo Mazza, named after Paolo Mazza (chairman of the club 1946–1977).

In total, SPAL have participated in 24 top-tier, 28 second-tier, 43 third-tier, 7 fourth-tier and 1 fifth-tier league seasons. The club's best finish was when they came fifth in the 1959–60 Serie A; they also reached the 1961–62 Coppa Italia final.

The club is chaired by the American lawyer and businessman Joe Tacopina, the current manager is Andrea Dossena.

History

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From foundation to World War II

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Poster celebrating 10 years since the foundation of SPAL

The club was founded in March 1907 as Circolo Ars et Labor (Latin for Art and Work Club) by the Salesian priest Pietro Acerbis. In the early stages, it was mainly a cultural and religious association, then in 1913 it became a multi-sports company, taking the name of Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor (Latin for Sports Club Society of Art and Work) The team began its professional activity under the aegis of the Italian Football Federation (Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio) in 1919, competing in the second-tier tournament.

SPAL played in the top flight league from 1920 to 1925, reaching the qualification playoff for the National Finals in 1921–22. From 1925 until the Second World War, they played in Serie B and Serie C: in this period, the club's all-time top striker Mario Romani scored 130 goals in 189 games during two different periods with the white-blues (1925–32 and 1937–38).

Between 1939 and 1943 the club temporarily changed its name to Associazione Calcio Ferrara, wearing the black and white colours of the city. After the suspension of the championships due to war, in 1945 the club returned to the name SPAL and to the light blue and white kits.

The golden period in Serie A

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Paolo Mazza, chairman of SPAL from 1946 to 1977

In 1946 Paolo Mazza became chairman of the club. After five consecutive seasons in Serie B, SPAL won promotion to Serie A after finishing the championship first in 1950–51. The white-blues subsequently stayed in the top division for most of the 1950s and 1960s, competing in 16 out of 17 Serie A seasons from 1951 to 1968.[5]

SPAL finished fifth in 1959–60, thus obtaining the best placement in its history. Also, in 1961–62 they played in the Coppa Italia final, losing against Napoli. In the early stages of 1962–63 season, in which the club finished in eighth place, the white and blues reached the top of the league table. During those years, the club was a launchpad for many young players, among them Fabio Capello.

 
Fabio Capello at SPAL in 1966

In 1963–64 they were relegated to Serie B, but they came back to Serie A after only one year, and remained in the top division until 1968. At the end of the last season in the top flight, SPAL won the Cup of Italian-Swiss Friendship.

From 1970s to 21st century

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During 1970s, 1980s and 1990s SPAL played mostly in Serie B and Serie C/C1.

Paolo Mazza quit the presidency in December 1976 and was replaced by Primo Mazzanti. The former chairman died in December 1981 and three months later Ferrara's Stadio Comunale was named after him.

In 1990, Giovanni Donigaglia became chairman of the club: between 1990 and 1992 SPAL obtained back-to-back promotions from Serie C2 to Serie B, under the management of Giovan Battista Fabbri. Donigaglia left the presidency in 2002 with the squad in Serie C1. He was replaced by Lino di Nardo.

Recent years

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The club went bankrupt in 2005,[6] and were reformed as SPAL 1907, under the terms of Article 52 of N.O.I.F.[7] In the summer of 2012, after suffering a second bankruptcy, the club was refounded for the second time as Real SPAL and would begin life in Serie D[8] under the same N.O.I.F. article.[9]

At the end of the 2012–13 season the club took back its original name. Giacomense, a club founded in 1967 at Masi San Giacomo, a frazione of Masi Torello, had moved to the city of Ferrara; on 12 July 2013, owner Roberto Benasciutti made a deal with the Colombarini family for a merger between SPAL and Giacomense, with the latter giving its sports title to SPAL and continuing to play in Ferrara. The club initially adopted the name S.P.A.L. 2013, in order to continue the football history of the whiteblues, then they took back the original denomination of S.P.A.L.. Walter Mattioli became president, with Simone and Francesco Colombarini as main shareholders.

 
Whiteblues supporters at stadio Paolo Mazza celebrating promotion to Serie A on May 18, 2017

They finished the 2013–14 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione season in sixth place, thus qualifying for the inaugural unified 2014–15 Lega Pro season. In 2015–16, the squad won promotion to Serie B for the first time since the 1992–93 season, after finishing first in group B of the Lega Pro. The following year they came first in Serie B, thus obtaining promotion to Serie A after a 49-year absence.[10] In their first season back in Serie A, SPAL avoided relegation by finishing in 17th place.[11] At the end of the 2018–19 season they confirmed their presence in the top flight for a third consecutive year, finishing 13th. The club had mixed fortunes in the 2019–20 season and, after gaining just 15 points in 23 games, coach Leonardo Semplici was dismissed in February 2020, replaced by Luigi Di Biagio.[12] SPAL were relegated to Serie B, finishing in last place with 20 points. The club reached the 2020–21 Coppa Italia quarter-finals, becoming the only team from Serie B to advance to that stage in the competition.

In August 2021, the club was acquired by the American lawyer and businessman Joe Tacopina. Some media say that the real owners behind Mr. Tacopina are brothers Alessandro Bazzoni and Lorenzo Bazzoni, Italian businessmen presumed to be linked with the government of Nicolas Maduro.[13][14] SPAL was relegated to Serie C at the end of the 2022–23 season.[15] On January 25, 2024, Tacopina revealed the name of the new co-owner of the club, American broker and businessman Marcello Follano, with whom he founded a new parent company controlling SPAL, Tacollano Holdings LLC.[16]

Colours, badge and nicknames

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The team's colours are light blue and white, which derive from the Salesians' emblem. The home kit, since 1962, has been composed of a vertical striped light blue-white shirt, white trainers and white socks. The only exception to light blue and white was when the club adopted a black and white kit between 1939 and 1943 (when it was named A.C. Ferrara), in honour of Ferrara's civic colours.

The team's badge features an oval-shaped light blue escutcheon, with a white band in the upper section, on which is written the acronym S.P.A.L. in golden characters. Also, in the lower section, the black and white emblem of the city is featured. From 1980 until mid-1990s, the official badge featured a fawn, another symbol of the club.[17]

SPAL's most common nicknames are Biancazzurri (from the club colours, light blue and white) and Estensi (from the House of Este, ancient European noble dynasty that ruled Ferrara from 1264 to 1598).[18]

Stadium

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Main article: Stadio Paolo Mazza
 
Internal view of the stadium in 2018
  • Campo di Piazza d'Armi (1919–28)
  • Stadio Paolo Mazza (1928–)

The current home ground of SPAL is the 16,134 seater Stadio Paolo Mazza. The stadium was opened in September 1928 as Stadio Comunale, then took on its current name in February 1982, in honour of the former president of the club Paolo Mazza, who died two months earlier.

Initially it had a capacity of 4,000. Then, in concomitance with the promotion of SPAL to Serie A, in 1951 it was subjected to a heavy restructuring that brought capacity to 25,000. Between 1960s and 1980s it was renovated again, reducing the number of possible spectators to 22,000 until the mid-2000s.

From 2005 to 2016 the stadium capacity was limited to 7,500 due to safety reasons and cost containment. In 2016–17, after the club's promotion to Serie B and then to Serie A, the stadium was restructured again to match the modern needs of comfort and safety. In the summer of 2018 a further remodeling took place, in order to bring the total capacity from 13,135 seats to 16,134.[19]

Sponsors

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Kit sponsors

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Players

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See also: Category:SPAL players

Current squad

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As of 3 September 2024[26]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK   ITA Riccardo Melgrati
3 DF   ITA Matteo Bruscagin
5 MF   NGA Theophilus Awua
6 DF   ITA Alessandro Fiordaliso
7 FW   ITA Mirco Antenucci (captain)
8 MF   MAR Omar El Kaddouri
9 FW   ISL Óttar Magnús Karlsson
10 MF   ITA Igor Radrezza
11 FW   ITA Emanuele Rao
12 GK   ITA Cesare Galeotti
13 DF   ITA Vincenzo Polito
14 MF   ITA Fabio Parravicini
16 DF   ITA Edoardo Sottini
17 DF   ITA Giuseppe Iglio
18 DF   FRA Jean-Claude Ntenda (on loan from Juventus)
19 DF   ITA Daniele Mignanelli
No. Pos. Nation Player
20 MF   ITA Roberto Zammarini
21 DF   ITA Matteo Bachini
22 GK   ITA Marco Meneghetti
23 DF   ITA Matteo Arena (vice-captain)
24 DF   ITA Filippo Saiani
26 DF   ITA Alessandro Bassoli
27 MF   ITA Alessandro Boccia
28 DF   ITA Luca Calapai
29 MF   TOG Steven Nador
30 FW   ITA Umberto Camelio
33 FW   ITA Ludovico D'Orazio
77 FW   MAR Soufiane Bidaoui
80 MF   LIE Marcel Büchel
82 MF   MDA Cristian Antonciuc
90 MF   CIV Ladji Mori Kane

Out on loan

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As of 3 September 2024

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK   ITA Lorenzo Abati (at Ascoli)
— GK   ITA Enrico Alfonso (at Virtus Verona)
— GK   ITA Francesco Costantini (at Puteolana)
— GK   ITA Luca Martelli (at Forlì)
— GK   ITA Luca Romagnoli (at Treviso)
— GK   SEN Demba Thiam (at Juve Stabia)
— DF   AUT Philipp Breit (at Catanzaro)
— DF   SEN Ibrahima Keita (at Termoli)
— DF   ITA Federico Ribello (at Corticella)
— DF   SVK Michal Svoboda (at Dukla Prague)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF   ITA Riccardo Vesprini (at Reggina)
— MF   ITA Andrea Carbone (at Siracusa)
— MF   ITA Nicolò Contiliano (at Carpi)
— MF   ITA Alessandro Murgia (at Hermannstadt)
— MF   ITA Filippo Puletto (at Carpi)
— FW   SUI Salah Aziz Binous (at Chieri)
— FW   SEN Serigne Deme (at Sasso Marconi)
— FW   ITA Andrea La Mantia (at Catanzaro)
— FW   ITA Alessandro Orfei (at Union Clodiense)

Captains

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Argentinian midfielder Oscar Massei was awarded honorary citizenship by the city of Ferrara in 2007, as one of the most representative players in club's history[27]

Below a chronological list of SPAL captains since 1950.[28]

Name Years Name Years
  Giovanni Emiliani 1950–53   Marcello Castoldi 1953–54
  Edoardo Dal Pos 1954–59   Oscar Massei 1959–61
  Sergio Cervato 1961–65   Oscar Massei 1965–68
  Carlo Dell'Omodarme 1968–69   Enrico Cairoli Jul. 1969–Oct. 1973
  Lucio Mongardi Oct. 1973–Jun. 1975   Sergio Reggiani 1975–76
  Ottavio Bianchi 1976–77   Franco Pezzato 1977–79
  Mauro Gibellini 1979–81   Rosario Rampanti 1981–82
  Mirco Brilli 1982–83   Giuseppe De Gradi 1983–85
  Elio Gustinetti 1985–86   Fabio Perinelli 1986–87
  Arturo Vianello 1987–88   Massimo Pellegrini 1988–89
  Francesco Cini 1989–90   Franco Fabbri 1990–91
  Giuseppe Brescia 1991–93   Andrea Mangoni 1993–94
  Giuseppe Brescia 1994–96   Eugenio Sgarbossa 1996–97
  Fausto Pari 1997–98   Alfonso Greco 1998–99
  Massimo Gadda 1999–00   Emanuele Cancellato Jul. 2000–Jan. 2002
  Cristian Servidei Jan. 2002–Jun. 2002   Francesco Zanoncelli 2002–03
  Manuel Milana 2003–06   David Sesa 2006–08
  Luis Fernando Centi Jul. 2008–Feb. 2009   Marco Zamboni Feb. 2009–Jun. 2012
  Davide Marchini 2012–13   Massimiliano Varricchio 2013–14
  Nicolas Giani 2014–17   Luca Mora Jul. 2017–Jan. 2018
  Mirco Antenucci Jan. 2018–Jun. 2019   Sergio Floccari 2019–21
  Francesco Vicari 2021–22   Salvatore Esposito Jul. 2022–Jan. 2023
  Lorenzo Dickmann Jan. 2023–Jul.2023   Mirco Antenucci Jul. 2023–

Technical staff

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Position Staff
Head of technical staff   Alex Casella
Head coach   Andrea Dossena
Deputy head coach   Samuele Olivi
Technical assistant   Emanuele Dogliani
Technical assistant   Riccardo Leardi
Match analyst   Mario Enrico Braco
Goalkeeping coach   Massimo Di Pasquale
Fitness coach   Mauro Franzetti
Injury recovery   Carlo Oliani
Team manager   Alessio Cirulli
Head of medical staff   Fabrizio Aggio
Physiotherapist   Marcello Bertolani
Physiotherapist   Piero Bortolin
Physiotherapist   Daniele Zannini

Source: [1]

Chairmen history

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SPAL have had several presidents (chairmen) (Italian: presidenti, lit. 'presidents' or Italian: presidenti del consiglio di amministrazione, lit. 'chairmen of the board of directors') over the course of their history. Some of them have been the main shareholder of the club. The longest-serving is Paolo Mazza.[29][30]

Name Years Name Years
  Don Pietro Acerbis 1907–11   Conte Buosi 1911–12
  Aminta Gulinati 1912–15   Antonio Santini 1919–21
  Enrico Bassani 1921–24   Gaetano Ridolfi 1924–27
  Giannino Bonfiglioli 1927–28   On. Ferri 1928–31
  Giuseppe Turbiani
  Carlo Osti		 1931–32   Comm. Gandini 1932–33
  Umberto Barbè
  Giulio Divisi		 1933–34   Luigi Orsi 1934–35
  Giovanni Argazzi 1935–36   Nino Fiorini 1936–37
  Angelo Vissoli 1937–39   Annio Bignardi 1939–41
  Augusto Caniato 1941–43   Edmondo Bucci 1945–46
  Paolo Mazza 1946–77   Primo Mazzanti 1977–85
  Giorgio Rossatti 1985–86   Francesco Nicolini 1986–89
  Albersano Ravani 1989–90   Giovanni Donigaglia 1990–96
  Vanni Guzzinati 1996–97   Giovanni Donigaglia 1997–02
  Lino Di Nardo 2002–05   Gianfranco Tomasi 2005–08
  Cesare Butelli 2008–12   Roberto Ranzani 2012–13
  Walter Mattioli 2013–21   Joe Tacopina 2021–

Managerial history

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See also: Category:SPAL managers

SPAL have had many managers and head coaches throughout their history, below is a chronological list of them.[31][30]

Name Years Name Years
  Carlo Marchiandi 1919–22   Armand Halmos 1922–23
  Giuseppe Ticozzelli 1923–24   Walter Alt 1924–27
  Carlo Osti
  Carlo Marchiandi		 1927–28   Béla Károly 1928–29
  György Hlavay 1929–31   Francesco Mattuteia
  Adolf Mora Murer		 1931–32
  Walter Alt 1933–34   Mihály Balacics 1934–35
  György Hlavay
  Guido Testolina		 1935–36   Paolo Mazza 1936–37
  Euro Riparbelli 1937–39   Paolo Mazza 1939–42
  Giorgio Armari
  Bruno Maini		 1942–43   József Viola Jul. 1945–Jun. 1946
  Guido Testolina Jul. 1946–Jun. 1947   Giuseppe Marchi Jul. 1947–Jun. 1948
  Bruno Vale Jul. 1948–Jun. 1949   Antonio Janni Jul. 1949–Jun. 1954
  Bruno Biagini Jul. 1954–Jun. 1955   Fioravante Baldi Jul. 1955–Jun. 1956
  Paolo Tabanelli Jul. 1956–Jun. 1958   Fioravante Baldi Jul. 1958–Apr. 1960
  Serafino Montanari Apr. 1960–Jun. 1960   Luigi Ferrero Jul. 1960–Sep. 1961
  Serafino Montanari Sep. 1961–Apr. 1963   Aurelio Marchese Apr. 1963–Jun. 1963
  Giacomo Blason Jul. 1963–Apr. 1964   Giovan Battista Fabbri Apr. 1964–Nov. 1964
  Francesco Petagna Nov. 1964–Oct. 1968   Serafino Montanari Oct. 1968–May 1969
  Giovan Battista Fabbri May 1969–Oct. 1969   Tito Corsi Oct. 1969–Jun. 1970
  Cesare Meucci Jul. 1970–Jun. 1972   Eugenio Fantini Jul. 1972–Oct. 1972
  Mario Caciagli Oct. 1972–Jan. 1975   Guido Capello Jan. 1975–Jun. 1975
  Francesco Petagna Jul. 1975–Dec. 1975   Umberto Pinardi Dec. 1975–Feb. 1976
  Guido Capello Feb. 1976–Nov. 1976   Giovanni Ballico Nov. 1976–Dec. 1976
  Ottavio Bugatti Dec. 1976–Feb. 1977   Luis Suárez Feb. 1977–Jun. 1977
  Mario Caciagli Jul. 1977–Jun. 1980   Battista Rota Jul. 1980–Mar. 1982
  Ugo Tomeazzi Mar. 1982–Jun. 1982   Gaetano Salvemini Jul. 1982–Dec. 1982
  Giovanni Seghedoni Dec. 1982–Jun. 1983   Giovanni Galeone Jul. 1983–Oct. 1984
  Giancarlo Danova Oct. 1984–Dec. 1984   Giovanni Galeone Dec. 1984–Jun. 1986
  Ferruccio Mazzola Jul. 1986–Jun. 1987   Giancarlo Cella Jul. 1987–Nov. 1987
  Giovan Battista Fabbri Nov. 1987–Jun. 1988   Giorgio Veneri Jul. 1988–Dec. 1988
  Francesco Paolo Specchia Dec. 1988–Jun. 1989   Luciano Magistrelli Jul. 1989–Jan. 1990
  Nello Santin Jan. 1990–Jun. 1990   Paolo Lombardo Jul. 1990–Feb. 1991
  Giovan Battista Fabbri Feb. 1991–Oct. 1992   Rino Marchesi Oct. 1992–Apr. 1993
  Giovan Battista Fabbri Apr. 1993–Jun. 1993   Gian Cesare Discepoli Jul. 1993–Jan. 1995
  Vincenzo Guerini Jan. 1995–Sep. 1995   Salvatore Bianchetti Sep. 1995–Feb. 1997
  Alfredo Magni Feb. 1997–Jun. 1997   Gianni De Biasi Jul. 1997–Jun. 1999
  Giancarlo D'Astoli Jul. 1999–Jun. 2000   Alessandro Scanziani Jul. 2000–Nov. 2000
  Mauro Melotti Nov. 2000–Nov. 2001   Fabio Perinelli Nov. 2001–Mar. 2002
  Mauro Melotti Mar. 2002–Jun. 2002   Walter De Vecchi Jul. 2002–Oct. 2002
  Giuliano Sonzogni Oct. 2002–Oct. 2003   Gian Cesare Discepoli Oct. 2003–Jun. 2004
  Massimiliano Allegri Jul. 2004–Jun. 2005   Paolo Beruatto Jul. 2005–Feb. 2006
  Walter Nicoletti Feb. 2006–Jun. 2006   Leonardo Rossi Jul. 2006–Jun. 2007
  Francesco Buglio Jul. 2007–Feb. 2008   Roberto Labardi Feb. 2008
  Angelo Alessio Feb. 2008–Jun. 2008   Aldo Dolcetti Jul. 2008–Nov. 2009
  Egidio Notaristefano Nov. 2009–Feb. 2011   Gian Marco Remondina Feb. 2011–Jun. 2011
  Stefano Vecchi Jul. 2011–Jun. 2012   David Sassarini Jul. 2012–Jun. 2013
  Leonardo Rossi Jul. 2013–Oct. 2013   Massimo Gadda Oct. 2013–Jun. 2014
  Oscar Brevi Jul. 2014–Dec. 2014   Leonardo Semplici Dec. 2014–Feb. 2020
  Luigi Di Biagio Feb. 2020–Aug. 2020   Pasquale Marino Aug. 2020–Mar. 2021
  Massimo Rastelli Mar. 2021–Jun. 2021   Pep Clotet Jul. 2021–Jan. 2022
  Roberto Venturato Jan. 2022–Oct. 2022   Daniele De Rossi Oct. 2022–Feb. 2023
  Massimo Oddo Feb. 2023–Jun. 2023   Domenico Di Carlo Jul. 2023–Oct. 2023
  Leonardo Colucci Oct. 2023–Feb. 2024   Domenico Di Carlo Feb. 2024–Jun. 2024
  Andrea Dossena Jul. 2024–

Club records

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League

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Below is a table showing the participation of SPAL in the Italian football leagues.[32]

Level Tournament Participations Debut season Last season Total
1º Prima Categoria 2 1920–21 1921–22 24
Prima Divisione 3 1922–23 1924–25
Serie A 19 1951–52 2019–20
2º Seconda Divisione 1 1925–26 28
Prima Divisione 3 1926–27 1928–29
Serie B 24 1933–34 2022–23
3º Prima Divisione 4 1929–30 1932–33 43
Serie B-C Alta Italia 1 1945–46
Serie C 13 1936–37 2024–25
Serie C1 19 1982–83 2004–05
Lega Pro Prima Divisione 4 2008–09 2011–12
Lega Pro 2 2014–15 2015–16
4º Serie C2 6 1989–90 2007–08 7
Lega Pro Seconda Divisione 1 2013–14
5º Serie D 1 2012–13 1

Individual

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Below is a table showing the recordmen of matches played and goals scored for SPAL in the Italian football leagues.[32]

League appearances
228   Giuseppe Brescia (1988–93, 1994–96)
  • 210   Aulo Gelio Lucchi (1951–59)
  • 198   Manuel Lazzari (2013–19)
  • 195   Ermelindo D'Agostini (1934–43)
  • 189   Mario Romani (1924–32, 1937–38)
  • 186   Aldo Barbieri (1925–33, 1935–36)
  • 183   Francesco Vicari (2016–22)
  • 182   Luigi Olasi (1930–37)
182   Mauro Gibellini (1971–73, 1975–81)
  • 181   Ferdinando Donati (1970–71, 1972–74, 1976–79)
  • 174   Carlo Novelli (1955–57, 1959–65)
  • 165   Lucio Fasolato (1971–72, 1974–79)
League goals
  • 129   Mario Romani (1924–32, 1937–38)
  • 92   Aldo Barbieri (1925–33, 1935–36)
  • 81   Franco Pezzato (1964–67, 1972–76, 1977–79, 1983–84)
  • 59   Emanuele Cancellato (1997–02)
  • 52   Oscar Massei (1959–68)
  • 49   Mauro Gibellini (1971–73, 1975–81)
  • 46   Bruno Braga (1929–35)
  • 43   Girolamo Bizzarri (1993–95)
43   Mirco Antenucci (2016–19, 2023–)
  • 38   Goffredo Colombi (1949–53)
  • 36   Carlo Novelli (1955–57, 1959–65)
  • 34   Rachid Arma (2008–09, 2011–12)
  • 33   Tiziano Manfrin (1974–79)
33   Gianmarco Zigoni (2015–17)
31   Mario Astorri (1942–43, 1945–46)

Honours

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Below is a list of titles and cups won by SPAL throughout their history.[29]

Domestic

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League titles

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Cups

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European

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Youth

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  • Campionato Primavera Serie B
    • Winners (1): 1964–65
  • Campionato De Martino Serie A
    • Winners (1): 1967–68
  • Campionato Nazionale Under-18
    • Winners (2): 2021–22, 2022–23

References

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  1. ^ Soattin, Davide (15 April 2020). "La SPAL gioca contro il Coronavirus: tutte le iniziative dei biancazzurri". tuttomercatoweb.com (in Italian). Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  2. ^ Giordano, Francesco Paolo (8 April 2017). "Nobiltà estense". rivistaundici.com (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Stadio Paolo Mazza". spalferrara.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  4. ^ Orlandin, Alessandro (25 January 2024). "Il nome nuovo alla SPAL è quello dell'investitore statunitense Marcello Follano". lospallino.com (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  5. ^ "La storia della S.P.A.L." spalferrara.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  6. ^ Hooper, Alasdair (18 August 2017). "Who are SPAL? The incredible rise of Serie A's new boys as club prepare for first top-flight fixture since 1968". talkSPORT. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  7. ^ Carraro, Franco (16 August 2005). "Comunicato Ufficiale Nº66/A (2005–06)" (PDF). Consiglio Federale (Press release) (in Italian). Rome: Italian Football Federation. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  8. ^ "FIGC registers SPAL in Serie D". il Resto del Carlino (in Italian). 8 August 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  9. ^ "First day in school for SPAL: It will return to his real level". estense.com (in Italian). 3 August 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  10. ^ "SPAL promoted to Serie A". Football Italia. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  11. ^ "Serie A basement battle". football-italia.net.
  12. ^ "Spal: ufficiale l'esonero di Semplici, al suo posto Di Biagio". la repubblica.com (in Italian). 10 February 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  13. ^ "Spal, una famiglia italiana 'top-secret' al fianco di Tacopina". estense.com (in Italian). 11 March 2022.
  14. ^ Ocando, Casto (16 May 2023). "De Londres a Dubai, de Zurich a México DF y Caracas: la red que movió millones de la corrupción de Pdvsa". Primer Informe (in Spanish).
  15. ^ "Serie B: Benevento and SPAL relegated". Football Italia. 13 May 2024.
  16. ^ Malaguti, Mauro (25 January 2024). "Spal, irrompe il finanziere del New Jersey". ilrestodelcarlino.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  17. ^ Mazzoni, Cristiano (19 March 2018). "Il cerbiatto sacrificale si ribella e le stelle stanno a guardare, alla faccia dei pronostici". lospallino.com (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  18. ^ "Gli Estensi". castelloestense.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  19. ^ "SPAL receives boost to further expand stadium". TheStadiumBusiness. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  20. ^ "Presentate le nuove maglie della Spal 2009/2010". multimedia.quotidiano.net (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  21. ^ "Givova sponsor tecnico con alcune novità". lospallino.com (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  22. ^ "Accordo ufficiale con la Legea sponsor tecnico". lanuovaferrara.gelocal.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Strisce strette e verde fluo, le maglie della SPAL 2015-2016". passionemaglie.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  24. ^ "Le maglie della SPAL 2016-2017 per il grande ritorno in Serie B". passionemaglie.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  25. ^ "Macron sponsor tecnico della SPAL per le prossime quattro stagioni". spalferrara.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  26. ^ "Rosa giocatori". spalferrara.it. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  27. ^ "Oscar Massei è ora cittadino onorario della nostra città". cronacacomune.it (in Italian). 24 September 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  28. ^ Bolognesi, Augusto. "Capitani Spallini - Almanacco S.P.A.L." maldispal.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  29. ^ a b Malaguti, Mauro (2017). SPAL 110 (1907-2017). Storia critica, uomini e numeri della squadra dalla nascita al trionfale ritorno in serie A (in Italian). Gianni Marchesini Editore. ISBN 9788888225531.
  30. ^ a b "Spal fra storia, presente e futuro: i protagonisti diventati immortali". lanuovaferrara.it (in Italian). 18 June 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  31. ^ Gruppioni, Graziano (2017). S.P.A.L. - Un sogno biancoazzurro. Dalle origini del calcio a Ferrara alla prima serie A (in Italian). 2G Libri. ISBN 9788889248348. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  32. ^ a b Piffanelli, Corrado (1991). La storia della SPAL (in Italian). Il Resto del Carlino. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
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