Sphaeroderma testaceum, the artichoke beetle, is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae.[1][2]
| Sphaeroderma testaceum | |
|---|---|
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| Sphaeroderma testaceum. Dorsal view | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | Sphaeroderma |
| Species: | S. testaceum
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| Binomial name | |
| Sphaeroderma testaceum (Fabricius, 1775)
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| Synonyms | |
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Distribution
editThis species is present in most of Europe,[3] North Africa and Israel.[4] It is adventive in Northern America (Atlantic Canada),[5][6]
Habitat
editThese beetles mainly inhabit wasteland, woodland, roadsides and other areas where host plants occur.[7]
Description
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Sphaeroderma testaceum can reach a size of 3.5–4 millimetres (0.14–0.16 in).[5] These tiny beetles have a wide head, large eyes and the filiform antennae are close together between the eyes. Elytra are convex and slightly elongate and hind femora are rather enlarged. The pronotum shows coarse puncturation basally, prominent anterior corners, a well defined basal groove and two lateral notches.[8] Elytra and pronotum are shiny light brown-orange.[4]
This species is very similar to Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graëlls, 1853). It can be distinguished from the previous one on the basis of a smaller size and quadrate elytra,[8] but especially with a close study of the genitalia.
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Biology
editAdults can be found from May/June to September. Pupation occurs in the spring and new adults may be seen from May. Overwintering occurs as 3rd (final) instar larvae, sometimes as imago.[9]
Both larvae and adults feed on leaves, especially on various species of Thistle (Carduus, Carlina, Cirsium, Onopordum and Cynara species), on Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra), on Serratula species and on Cirsium arvense (in Canada).[6][7]
Bibliography
edit- Anderson, R., Nash, R. & O'Connor, J.P.. 1997, Irish Coleoptera: a revised and annotated list, Irish Naturalists' Journal Special Entomological Supplement, 1-81
- du Chatenet, G, 2000, Coléoptères Phytophages D'Europe, NAP Editions,
- Johnson, F.W & Halbert, J.N, 1902, A list of the Beetles of Ireland, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 6B: 535-827
- Joy, N.H., 1932, A practical handbook of British beetles, H.F. & G. Witherby,
References
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- ^ "Sphaeroderma testaceum". BioLib.cz. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
- ^ "Invertebrate Ireland". habitas.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
- ^ "Sphaeroderma testaceum (Fabricius, 1775) | Fauna Europaea". fauna-eu.org. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
- ^ a b D. Rivnay Field Crop Pests in the Near East
- ^ a b "Species Sphaeroderma testaceum". BugGuide.Net. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
- ^ a b C.G. Majka and L. LeSage Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 1: Sphaeroderma testaceum (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108: 243-247, 2006
- ^ a b "Sphaeroderma testaceum". NatureSpot. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
- ^ a b "WCG Website of the Watford Coleoptera Group". thewcg.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
- ^ "Sphaeroderma testaceum (Fabricius, 1775) | UK Beetle Recording". coleoptera.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
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