St. Nicholas Cathedral, Stendal (German: Dom St. Nikolaus) is a brick Gothic church on the edge of the Old City of Stendal, in the Altmark of Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt), Germany. The church, now affiliated with the Protestant (Lutheran) Evangelical Church in Germany, is famous for its large complement of late-medieval stained-glass windows.
History
editSt. Nicholas was founded in 1188 by the Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg and his brother Heinrich von Gardelegen, sons of Margrave Otto I, as a Collegiate church. As such, it was independent from the bishops of Brandenburg and under the direct supervision of the Papacy, and it exercised a leading religious role in the Mark.[1][2]
The original church was a basilica with a nave, apse and two towers. The latter have survived the centuries and remain a landmark of Stendal. The balance of the current structure dates from 1423.[3] The building extant today is largely as completed in the mid-15th century: A hall church with three transepts and an extended choir.
In 1551, as a result of the Reformation that swept northern Germany, St Nicholas's status as collegiate church was revoked, and its goods were conveyed to the University of Frankfurt at Frankfurt an der Oder.[4]
Late in the Second World War, St. Nicholas suffered heavy damage from a U.S. bombing attack on April 8, 1945 – one month before the German capitulation. However, the cathedral's 22 medieval stained-glass windows had been recently removed and placed in safe storage, so they survived the war undamaged.[5] Reconstruction started in 1946, was interrupted several times and was completed in 2013.[6]
Modern condition
editThe windows remain the highlight of St. Nicholas's artistic attractions. They were created between 1425 and 1480, and thoroughly restored in the 19th century.[7]
References
edit- ^ Eberhard Simon: Die Gebäude des Domstifts - Geschichte und Gegenwart. In: Eberhard Simon (Hrsg.): Der Dom St. Nikolaus in Stendal. Geschichte und Gegenwart. Berlin 1988, p. 21.
- ^ Hannelore Sachs: Der Dom zu Stendal. Geschichte von Stadt und Domstift. Berlin 1988, (Das christliche Denkmal; 57), p. 5.
- ^ Eberhard Simon: Die Gebäude des Domstifts - Geschichte und Gegenwart. In: Eberhard Simon (pub.): Der Dom St. Nikolaus in Stendal. Geschichte und Gegenwart. Berlin 1988, p. 21.
- ^ Popp (Lit.), p. 32–40
- ^ Simon, op. cit.
- ^ "Dom St. Nikolaus, Stendal".
- ^ Bekker, Henk (2020-12-07). "Visit the Dom St Nikolaus in Stendal to See Stained-Glass Windows". European Traveler. Retrieved 2022-08-25.