St Bride's Church is a historic Anglican church in Mauku, New Zealand, constructed in 1861 St Bride's was the first church in the Franklin area. It served as an important military outpost during the Invasion of the Waikato. The church was consecrated in 1885 and has a category 1 listing with Heritage New Zealand.
| St Bride's Church | |
|---|---|
 St Bride's Church, loopholes can be see along the walls of the church | |
| Location | Mauku |
| Address | Findlay Road, Mauku |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Website | https://stbridesmauku.wordpress.com/ |
| History | |
| Founded | 1861 |
| Consecrated | 22 February 1885 |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Reverend Arthur Guyon Purchas |
| Style | Selwyn style (Gothic Revival) |
| Years built | 1860–1861 |
| Groundbreaking | 1860 |
| Construction cost | c.£300 |
| Specifications | |
| Nave length | 40 ft (12 m) |
| Nave width | 25 ft (7.6 m) |
| Spire height | Slightly under 20 metres (66 ft) |
| Administration | |
| District | Parochial District of Waiuku[1] |
| Diocese | Anglican Diocese of Auckland |
| Parish | Parish of Mauku |
| Designated | 2 February 1990 |
| Reference no. | 81 |
Description
editSt Bride's sits atop an elevated site, this along with it's spire helps it stand out as a landmark.[2] The church is a totara[3] Selwyn style church and follows traditional ecclesiological design philosophies in it's proportions. The church has exposed rafters and trusses and is mostly constructed from kauri, with totara for the rest. Two original oil lamps are located in the interior. The cusped diamond pane windows have trefoils that are in pairs of twos except for the chancel where they are pairs of three. The belfry has louvered windows that also have trefoils.[4][2][5]: 5 The church is designed as a replica of a church in North Devon, England.[5]: 6 The porch and vestry are located opposite. The nave is 40 ft (12 m) by 25 ft (7.6 m) and lacks aisles and transepts, the chancel is 12 ft (3.7 m) by 14 ft (4.3 m), and the porch is 8–9 sq ft (0.74–0.84 m2). The tower is located above the porch and is just under 20 m (66 ft) high.[6][4] The position of the porch results in the entrance to the church being at the side and under the tower instead of a more typical entrance at the front of a church.[4]
History
edit
Anglican worship in the inchoate settlement of Mauku was initially conducted in private homes and later in a slab hut near the site of St Bride's. Prior to the construction of St Bride's Church — Mauku was visited by George Augustus Selwyn, Robert Maunsell, John Coleridge Patteson, and Arthur Guyon Purchas, who all provided services at different points in time. On 22 November 1858 it was decided a permanent church should be constructed and a committee was formed, headed by Dr. Purchas. 3 acres (1.2 ha) was given to Selwyn as a Crown grant for the construction of a church. Dr. Purchas offered to donate £25 towards a spire if the committee chose his design, which they did. Significant contributions were also made by Gore Browne, Bishop Selwyn, Patteson, Reverend Henry Melvill, General Robert Wynyard, and Sir Duncan Cameron. The fundraising likely would not have met the target without their support given Mauku was a small rural settlement.[5]: 5 [6]
In December 1860, construction began and was completed on a Sunday, 14 July 1861. The cost was approximately £300.[6] It was the first church to be constructed in the Franklin area.[7] As was common with churches in small rural settlements in New Zealand, it also served Presbyterians and Methodists.[6]
Following the Invasion of the Waikato in July 1863, many isolated European settlements became worried of potential raids from hostile Māori. The women and children of Mauku evacuated to Auckland. The Onehunga Ladies' Benevolent Society was set up to provide aid and care for some of the refugees from Mauku.[6] and a 10 ft (3.0 m) high stockade[3] was constructed around St Bride's to serve as a military outpost.[6] Between 600 to 2,000 men[6][2] were based at the church at one point. 54 loopholes were cut into the church during this period and these still remain.[2] No battle took place at the church, although a deadly battle took place just 2 km (1.2 mi) south of the church at Titi Hill.[6] On 23 October 1863, a scouting party from St Bride's Church investigated sounds of gunshots and found Māori killing cattle at a farm south of the church. A Lieutenant Percival disobeyed orders to remain at the church and set out with a dozen men towards Titi Hill. Percival's men were overwhelmed before 50 riflemen came from the church to assist them. Eventually the Europeans retreated after suffering at least 9 fatalities.[8] The church was also the headquarters of the Forest Rangers after the aforementioned battle.[3] After the end of the war the church underwent repairs from damage it had sustained from the military occupation.[4]
In 1872 a vicarage was built and the Reverend Ezra Robert Otway was appointed vicar. In 1876 the Reverend William Taylor was appointed vicar. Taylor resigned in April, 1882, and died a few months later. Taylor was laid to rest in the church cemetery.[5]: 8–9 In 1882 the vicar relocated to Waiuku and the vicarage at Mauku was let to other groups.[1]: 32 Following the opening of the Paerata-Waiuku line the government took part of the vicarage glebe. The building was sold and removed in 1947.[5]: 12
In 1884 a pulpit, font, and stained glass windows were installed. The following year on 22 February, the church was consecrated by bishop William Cowie.[2] The lack of earlier consecration may have been out of a desire to allow other denominations to use the church.[6]
Following the enfranchisement of women in 1893, a motion was brought up to the diocesan synod by the Mauku synod representative, Heywood Crispe, that would have seen women enfranchised in the Anglican church. Ultimately it was amended and never took effect.[6]
The puriri block foundations was replaced with concrete in 1953.[2] A neighbouring property was purchased in 1956 to serve as a Sunday school and church hall.[1]: 44 In 1961 a stained glass window, created by Whitefriars Stained Glass Studio, was install for the centennary. The left window shows Saint Bride with St Bride's Church, Fleet Street shown below. The middle window shows Jesus Christ, with the Moravian Church seal shown below. The right window shows Bishop Selwyn and below it St Bride's Church, Mauku with stockade around it. The windows cost ₤600.[5]: 12
Connections to St Bride's, London
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One of the founders of St Bride's Church had been a member of St Bride's Church in Fleet Street, London. The London church had also sent a donation helping to establish the church in Mauku. It was later decided to name the new church after St Bride's in Fleet Street. In 1941 the Mauku church sent £100 and food parcels to St Bride's, Fleet Street following the London Blitz that severely damaged the Fleet Street church. In 1952 £57 was sent from Mauku for restoration of the Fleet Street church. During St Bride's centennial in 1961 the vicar, reverend, and two wardens were made liverymen of the Guild of St Bride, a guild sanctioned by Edward III in 1375. St Bride's Church, Mauku now displays the medallions they were awarded. The Vicar of St Bride's, Fleet Street referred to the Mauku church as the daughter of St Bride's Church. Parishioners of the Mauku church send flowers on St Bride's Day to the Fleet Street church.[6][5]: 13–14
Legacy
editThe design of St Bride's Church has been described as simple and elegant by architect Peter Lewis Sheppard. The spire has been described as being well proportioned and giving 'character and distinction' to the building.[6] As well as being a landmark due to being visible across the district.[4]
St Bride's Church is listed as a category 1 historic place with Heritage New Zealand.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b c Morgan, Maurice E. (1973). A Hundred Years of Worship. Ashford Kent.
- ^ a b c d e f g "St Bride's Church, Mauku". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand.
- ^ a b c Cowan, James (1955). The New Zealand Wars: A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period: Volume I: 1845–1864. R. E. Owen. pp. 296–300.
- ^ a b c d e Knight, Cyril Roy (1972). The Selwyn churches of Auckland. Reed. p. 68–70.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lownsborough, Frederic John (1961). A history of St. Bride's Church, Mauku, 1861-1961. Institute Printing & Publishing Society.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Limbrick, Warren (April 2011). "Saint Bride's Church, Mauku: A Frontier Church in the Midst of Conflict" (PDF). Anglican Historical Society Newsletter (46). The Anglican Historical Society of New Zealand.
- ^ Derbyshire, Noel William (2016). Serving the Community: a history of the Pukekohe Anglican Parish. Wily Publications. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-927167-30-4.
- ^ "Mauku NZ Wars memorial". New Zealand History.