Starbright World was an online community for children with chronic illnesses established in 1995. Initially conceived as a 3D virtual world for use in hospitals, it was developed by Worlds Inc. for the Starbright Foundation. The 3D world―credited as one of the first applications of virtual reality in medicine―operated until 1997, when it was shut down due to technical issues. In 1998, it was replaced with a private social network, which is now defunct. Worlds Inc. would later launch lawsuits against several massively multiplayer online game companies, claiming that they held the rights to the concept of multiplayer virtual worlds based on patents obtained in relation to Starbright World.
Virtual world
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The planning for Starbright World began in 1993. The project was organized by the Starbright Foundation, a charity headed by Steven Spielberg which was a sister organization of the Starlight Children's Foundation.[1] Initially, Starbright World was conceived as a 3D virtual world in which children could interact with each other using avatars. Tamiko Thiel, working under Worlds Inc., was the creative director,[2] and companies such as Sprint and Intel partnered with Starbright to provide the necessary equipment and infrastructure.[3] Development costs were estimated to be in the "multimillions".[1] The program was officially launched on November 8, 1995, with four hospitals participating.[4]
Players accessed Starbright World through terminals connected to a private DS3 network that linked hospitals to one another.[1] In the 3D world, children could chat with other users, play games and build new structures. The program also supported videoconferencing.[1][5] Spielberg and Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. (Starbright's chair of fundraising)[6] made cameos in the game as E.T. and a teddy bear, respectively.[7] Starbright World was an early example of a virtual world game[2] and one of the first uses of virtual reality in medicine.[3]
The technology, though advanced for the time, was not without issues. An editor for the New York Times criticized Starbright World for being "slow and clumsy" and lacking interactive activities.[3] A pilot study found that players encountered serious technical difficulties about a quarter of the time, although performance improved over the course of the study.[8] In 1997, the 3D world was shut down due to concerns about stability and ease of use.[5]
Later history
editStarbright World was relaunched in July 1998 as a social network including message boards, chat rooms, videoconferencing and games.[8] It was initially accessible only through a private network installed in hospitals; by 2000, 80 American hospitals were using the program.[6] Later versions could be accessed from home.[9] Several clinical trials evaluated the effect of the social network on patients' symptoms and quality of life.[10][11] The website is no longer operational.
In the 2000s, Worlds Inc. claimed that they held the rights to the concept of multiplayer virtual worlds based on patents relating to Starbright World. This led them to file lawsuits against several MMO companies.[12] A lawsuit against Activision Blizzard was dismissed in 2021, when a US district court ruled that "Worlds' patents were abstract ideas that were not sufficiently transformative to be legally patentable."[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e McCarthy, Susan (September 1, 1996). "The Good Deed". Wired. Archived from the original on January 14, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
- ^ a b "Starbright World by Tamiko Thiel". Archive of Digital Art. Archived from the original on July 25, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- ^ a b c Dunn, Ashley (January 23, 1996). "Meeting, Sharing, Healing While Exploring a Virtual World of Play". New York Times. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- ^ "Worlds Inc. in premiere of Starbright World network". Business Wire (Press release). 1995.
- ^ a b "Starbright World". Rhizome.org. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- ^ a b Attanasio, Nick (December 13, 2000). "Starbright Universe grows". Variety. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
- ^ Deck, Stewart (June 9, 1997). "1997 Computerworld Smithsonian Awards". Computerworld. Vol. 31, no. 23. p. 87 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b Holden, G.; Bearison, D.J.; Rode, D.C.; Rosenberg, G.; Fishman, M. (1999). "Evaluating the Effects of a Virtual Environment (Starbright World) With Hospitalized Children". Research on Social Work Practice. 9 (3): 365–382. doi:10.1177/104973159900900310. S2CID 144002942.
- ^ Coon, Conny (August 25, 2016). "Starbright World". Common Sense Media. Archived from the original on May 11, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
- ^ Roberts, Michael C.; Steele, Ric G. (August 10, 2009). Handbook of Pediatric Psychology, Fourth Edition. Guilford Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-1-60623-375-7.
- ^ Holden, G.; Bearison, D.J.; Rode, D.C.; Kapiloff, M.F.; Rosenberg, G.; Rosenzweig, J. (2002). "The Impact of a Computer Network on Pediatric Pain and Anxiety". Social Work in Health Care. 36 (2): 21–33. doi:10.1300/J010v36n02_02. ISSN 0098-1389. PMID 12555825. S2CID 24827449.
- ^ Kee, Tameka (March 11, 2009). "Worlds.com To Activision, Linden Lab: 'Pay Up Or Face A Lawsuit For Patent Infringement'". CBS News. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
- ^ Boudreau, Ian (May 5, 2021). "After nine years, judge throws out WoW patent lawsuit". PCGamesN. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.