Stenopsyche marmorata is a species of caddisfly found in Japan. The larvae live in fast-flowing streams and are harvested by Japanese fishermen for zazamushi, a traditional dish made from a mixture of aquatic insect larvae cooked in soya sauce and sugar. This species is widely distributed in Japan, Sakhalin (Russia), the Korean Peninsula, northeastern China, and the Russian Primorsky Territory.
| Stenopsyche marmorata | |
|---|---|
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| Adult | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Trichoptera |
| Family: | Stenopsychidae |
| Genus: | Stenopsyche |
| Species: | S. marmorata
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| Binomial name | |
| Stenopsyche marmorata Navas, 1920
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The larvae spin silk nets in streams in which animal and plant matter are trapped and upon which they feed.[1] The larvae grow longer than 2 cm and are the largest caddisflies in the region. In the Primorsky Krai, they constitute 77% of all the trichopteran biomass and 35% of all riverine benthic biomass. The larvae live amid mussels which they use to anchor their filter nets in the Primorsky region.[2] In Japan they are used for monitoring pollutants.[3][4]
The family Stenopsychidae has three genera Stenopsyche McLachlan, 1866, Pseudostenopsyche Döhler, 1915, and Stenopsychodes Ulmer, 1916 and they are among the largest of net-spinning caddisflies growing to nearly 5 cm. The genus Stenopsyche has more than 90 species mainly found in the eastern Palearctic (a few in the Oriental and African region as well).[5]
In the Tenryu-gawa River Community in Nagano, licenses are given out for their harvest.[4] Zazamushi is predominantly composed of the larvae of Stenopsyche marmorata. They were originally used and eaten locally until around 1956 when they were packaged and sold as a souvenir by the company Kaneman.[4] The aquatic silk has been a subject of study.
References
edit- ^ Shin, Hyun-Seon; Amahashi, Nozomi; Mitamura, Osamu (2013). "Trophic position and growth stages of Caddisfly (Stenopsyche marmorata Navas) larvae in the Echi River, Japan". Limnology. 14 (3): 283–291. Bibcode:2013Limno..14..283S. doi:10.1007/s10201-013-0406-z. ISSN 1439-8621.
- ^ Bogatov, V. V.; Prozorova, L. A. (2022). "Caddisflies Stenopsyche marmorata (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) exploit river mussels as anchors for their nets". Far Eastern Entomologist. 461: 31–36. doi:10.25221/fee.461.3.
- ^ Takahashi, Yoichi; Fujino, Takeshi; Wityi, Hnin; Asaeda, Takashi (2008). "Comparison of Benthic Invertebrate Assemblages Between Pre and After Impoundment at Up- and Downstream of Dam". Proceedings of Hydraulic Engineering. 52: 1165–1170. doi:10.2208/prohe.52.1165. ISSN 0916-7374.
- ^ a b c Césard, Nicolas; Komatsu, Seiji; Iwata, Akihisa (2015). "Processing insect abundance: trading and fishing of zazamushi in Central Japan (Nagano Prefecture, Honshū Island)". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 11 (1): 78. doi:10.1186/s13002-015-0066-7. ISSN 1746-4269. PMC 4642784. PMID 26559909.
- ^ Saito, Rie; Kato, Shinya; Kuranishi, Ryoichi B.; Nozaki, Takao; Fujino, Takeshi; Tojo, Koji (2018). "Phylogeographic analyses of the Stenopsyche caddisflies (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae) of the Asian Region". Freshwater Science. 37 (3): 562–572. doi:10.1086/699364. ISSN 2161-9549.