Parotid duct

Parotid duct
Parotid duct
	Right parotid gland. Deep and anterior aspects. (Parotid duct labeled at center left.)
	Dissection, showing salivary glands of right side. (Parotid duct visible at center.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	ductus parotideus
TA98	A05.1.02.007
TA2	2805
FMA	10420
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

The parotid duct or Stensen duct is a salivary duct. It is the route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland, into the mouth.^[1] It opens into the mouth opposite the second upper molar tooth.

Structure

The parotid duct is formed when several interlobular ducts, the largest ducts inside the parotid gland, join. It emerges from the parotid gland. It runs forward along the lateral side of the masseter muscle for around 7 cm.^[2] In this course, the duct is surrounded by the buccal fat pad.^[2]^[3] It takes a steep turn at the border of the masseter and passes through the buccinator muscle, opening into the vestibule of the mouth, the region of the mouth between the cheek and the gums, at the parotid papilla, which lies across the second maxillary (upper) molar tooth.^[4] The exit of the parotid ducts can be felt as small bumps (papillae) on both sides of the mouth that usually positioned next to the maxillary second molar.^{[citation needed]}

The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents air forcing into the duct, which would cause pneumoparotitis.^[5]

Relations

The parotid duct lies close to the buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII).^[2] It is also close to the transverse facial artery.^[2]

Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery, and the upper buccal nerve. The lower buccal nerve runs inferiorly along the duct.^{[citation needed]}

Clinical significance

Blockage, whether caused by salivary duct stones or external compression, may cause pain and swelling of the parotid gland (parotitis).

Koplik's spots which are pathognomonic of measles are found near the opening of the parotid duct.

The parotid duct may be cannulated by inserting a tube through the internal orifice in the mouth.^[2] Dye may be injected to allow for imaging of the parotid duct.^[2]

History

The parotid duct is named after Nicolas Steno (1638–1686), also known as Niels Stensen, a Danish anatomist (albeit best known as a geologist) credited with its detailed description in 1660.^[6] This is where the alternative name "Stensen duct" originates from.^[2]^[6]

Additional images

Outline of side of face, showing chief surface markings.
Microscopic slide of a human interlobular duct.
Microscopic slide of a human striated duct.
The left papilla (soft tissue protuberance at the exit) of the parotid duct is clearly visible on the cheek in the right of the photo.
Parotid duct
Parotid duct
Parotid duct

References

^ Nanci A (2013). Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function. Elsevier. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-323-07846-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Steinberg, Mark J.; Herréra, Andres F. (2005-02-01). "Management of parotid duct injuries". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 99 (2): 136–141. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.05.001. ISSN 1079-2104. PMID 15660081.
^ Latarjet M, Ruiz Liard A (2005). Human Anatomy (Spanish ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana. ISBN 978-950-06-1368-2.
^ Bath-Balogh M, Fehrenbach MJ (2011). Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach. Elsevier. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4377-1730-3.
^ Faizal B, Chandran MP (2012). "Pneumoparotitis" (PDF). Amrita Journal of Medicine. 8 (2): 1–44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-11.
^ ^a ^b Natale G, Bocci G, Ribatti D (September 2017). "Scholars and scientists in the history of the lymphatic system". Journal of Anatomy. 231 (3): 417–429. doi:10.1111/joa.12644. PMC 5554832. PMID 28614587.

External links

Diagram at MSU
ent/178 at eMedicine - Parotid duct injuries
doctor/2052 at Who Named It?

[1] Nanci A (2013). Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function. Elsevier. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-323-07846-7.

[:0-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Steinberg, Mark J.; Herréra, Andres F. (2005-02-01). "Management of parotid duct injuries". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 99 (2): 136–141. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.05.001. ISSN 1079-2104. PMID 15660081.

[LATARJET-3] Latarjet M, Ruiz Liard A (2005). Human Anatomy (Spanish ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana. ISBN 978-950-06-1368-2.

[4] Bath-Balogh M, Fehrenbach MJ (2011). Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach. Elsevier. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4377-1730-3.

[5] Faizal B, Chandran MP (2012). "Pneumoparotitis" (PDF). Amrita Journal of Medicine. 8 (2): 1–44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-11.

[:1-6] Natale G, Bocci G, Ribatti D (September 2017). "Scholars and scientists in the history of the lymphatic system". Journal of Anatomy. 231 (3): 417–429. doi:10.1111/joa.12644. PMC 5554832. PMID 28614587.

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Parotid duct

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