Stephen Arnold Douglas Puter (January 6, 1857[1] – May 10, 1931) was a criminal and author from the U.S. state of Oregon.[2] After being convicted of land fraud, he lived as a fugitive for several months before capture, wrote a book after conviction, received a Presidential pardon, and later was convicted of mail fraud.
Stephen A. Douglas Puter | |
|---|---|
 Stephen A. Douglas Puter from the March 27, 1906 edition of the Morning Oregonian | |
| Born | January 6, 1857 Trinity County, California |
| Died | May 10, 1931 |
| Occupation(s) | Criminal and author |
| Known for | Kingpin in Oregon land fraud scandal who received Presidential pardon |
Early life
editPuter was born on January 6, 1857, in Trinity County, California, and moved with his family to Humboldt County, California, two years later.[1] As a young man, he worked as a surveyor and a logger.[1] He left California in 1888 and moved to Portland, Oregon.[1]
Oregon land fraud scandal
editEarly in the 20th century, Puter was instrumental in carrying out the Oregon land fraud scandal, which transferred tens of thousands of acres of federal lands given to the Oregon and California Railroad to private hands, ultimately benefiting large timber companies and some Oregon politicians, including U.S. Senators John H. Mitchell and Binger Hermann,[2] who was later exonerated. Puter was considered the kingpin of the scandal.[2][3] In 1902, he took his family to Berkeley, California.[1] He was indicted early in 1905; allegations besides the land schemes included bribing then-Senator Mitchell $2,000.[4][5]
Puter fled Oregon before being sentenced as had two of the other defendants. Oregon authorities declared their intention to apprehend him and his partner Horace G. McKinley anywhere in the world, and sent photographs through U. S. diplomatic channels.[6] McKinley fled to China on a steamship; Puter escaped capture by U.S. Secret Service officers in an armed confrontation in Boston, Massachusetts, in March[7] and was subsequently a fugitive for several months before being captured in late May 1906. The Alameda, California, police who apprehended him also discovered weapons in his rented room.[8] After his capture and return to Oregon[8] he served two years in the Multnomah County Jail.[9][10][11] Puter objected to the fact that Mitchell had received a lighter sentence than himself, since Mitchell had participated in making the laws the two had broken.[12]
In 1906, while incarcerated, Puter co-wrote the book Looters of the Public Domain with Horace Stevens, a former General Land Office clerk.[2][3][10] In the detailed tell-all, Puter both confessed to and accused others of their role in the scandal, and in it were portraits of his co-conspirators and copies of documents confirming their criminal acts.[2][3] In his book he wrote a clear statement of the scope of the scandal:
Thousands upon thousands of acres, which included the very cream of timber claims in Oregon and Washington, were secured by Eastern lumberman and capitalists,…and nearly all of the claims, to my certain knowledge, were fraudulently obtained.[11]
The timber land scandals were not limited to Oregon. The California Redwood Company in Humboldt County had also been running a claim scheme to secure title to thousands of acres of redwood timberlands.[13]
President Theodore Roosevelt pardoned Puter after he had served 18 months of his sentence so that he could turn state's evidence.[10] Puter was able to keep much of the money he had acquired through the timber fraud.[12] His testimony led to the indictment of Mitchell, Hermann and John N. Williamson, who made up three-fourths of Oregon's congressional delegation, as well as a number of other prominent Oregonians and federal officials.[10] In 1907 he testified to having bribed a grand jury during the land schemes in Oregon.[14]
Later life and death
editPuter's son, R. C. Puter, was charged with criminal negligence in 1915, after he allegedly hit and killed Mary Logan with his car in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was expected to be tried on a charge of manslaughter.[15]
In July 1916, Stephen A. Douglas Puter was indicted, along with seven others (including his two sons and a son-in-law), for "Illegal Use of the Mails and Fraud" during the perpetration of the land fraud scandal.[16][17] S. A. D. Puter, who was in New York at the time, declared himself the leader of those indicted, and insisted that they were innocent of any charges of fraud.[16] He traveled by train to San Francisco, where he turned himself in.[16] He and his sons were listed as residents of Berkeley, California; the son-in-law was from San Francisco.[17]
Several years later, in what was described in an International News Service item as "the final echo of the Oregon land fraud cases," four of the eight co-defendants entered guilty pleas.[18] They were fined; the highest amount, $1500, was assessed to S. A. D. Puter.[19][20]
Puter died May 10, 1931, in Burlingame, California. He was survived by his wife, Sarah, and two daughters, Vivian McEwen and Gladys Jones, and his body was interred at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Colma, California.[21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e Puter, Stephen A. Douglas; Stevens, Horace (1908). . Portland, Oregon: The Portland Printing House.
- ^ a b c d e Engeman, Richard H. (2009). The Oregon Companion: An Historical Gazetteer of The Useful, The Curious, and The Arcane. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 280, 318. ISBN 978-0-88192-899-0.
- ^ a b c "Oregon History: The Oregon System". Oregon Blue Book (online). Oregon Secretary of State. Archived from the original on 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ "Mitchell Indictment Stirs All Oregon; Government says Senator took Bribe in Land Cases" (PDF). The New York Times. January 2, 1905. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
- ^ Sydney Russell Wrightington; Horace Williams Fuller; Arthur Weightman Spencer; Thomas Tileston Baldwin (1905). The Green Bag. Boston Book Company. pp. 485–488.
- ^ "Los Angeles Herald 25 January 1906 — California Digital Newspaper Collection".
- ^ "Burns Comes After Puter: Ready to Take Fugitive Who Escaped Him to Oregon". San Francisco Call. 24 May 1906. p. 7. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ a b "S.A.D. Puter arrested by Alameda Police". San Francisco Call. May 22, 1906. p. 7. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ "Los Angeles Herald 7 July 1906 — California Digital Newspaper Collection".
- ^ a b c d Cain, Allen (2006). "Land Claims in T.11S R.7E". Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- ^ a b "An Oregon Century: 100 Years of Oregon". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ a b Frome, Michael (1962). Whose woods these are: the story of the National Forests. p. 4.
- ^ Fred Albert Shannon (1977). The Farmer's Last Frontier: Agriculture, 1860-1897. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 62–. ISBN 978-0-87332-099-3.
The California Redwood Company, Puter says, ran "men into the land office by the hundreds." Twenty-five alien sailors at a time were marched from their boardinghouses to the courthouse to file their first citizenship papers; then to the local land office to take out claims; next to a notary public to "execute an acknowledgement of a blank deed"; thence to the paymasters for their fifty dollars each; and finally back to their ships or boardinghouses."
- ^ "Tried to bribe Grand Jury: Puter: Land Fraud Witness tells of his corrupt transactions in Oregon" (PDF). The New York Times. March 22, 1907. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ "Youth Held Responsible". Riverside Daily Press. August 27, 1915.
- ^ a b c "Two Arrests Made Under New Land Fraud Case Indictments". Sacramento Union +date=July 27, 1916.
- ^ a b . The Morning Oregonian. July 26, 1916.
- ^ International News Service (September 20, 1919). "4 Plead Guilty To Mail Fraud in SF". Los Angeles Herald.
- ^ International News Service (September 23, 1919). "Fines Imposed in Oregon Land Frauds". Los Angeles Herald.
- ^ United States. Dept. of Justice (1920). Annual Report of the Attorney General of the United States. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General. pp. 127–.
- ^ San Francisco Chronicle, May 13, 1931.
External links
edit- Tatom, Oliver. "Oregon Land Fraud Trials (1904-1910)". The Oregon Encyclopedia.
- Tatom, Oliver. "Stephen Puter (1857-1931)". The Oregon Encyclopedia.
- . Sunset (magazine). Vol. 36. 1916. p. 132.
- . The Oregonian. March 27, 1906. p. 1.
- Puter discussed extensively in:
- Ise, John (1920). The United States forest policy. New Haven, Yale University Press; [etc., etc.]