Stephen Robert "Steve" Endean (August 6, 1948 – August 4, 1993)[1] was an American gay rights activist, first in Minnesota, then nationally. Endean was the first lobbyist for LGBT rights at the Minnesota State Capitol. He was the director of the Gay Rights National Lobby in 1978, and he started the Human Rights Campaign Fund in 1980, serving as its first executive director. He also created the Fairness Fund, a LGBT rights organization, whose primary focus was on grassroots political lobbying.
Steve Endean | |
|---|---|
| Born | Steven Robert Endean August 6, 1948 |
| Died | August 4, 1993 (aged 44) |
| Alma mater | University of Minnesota |
| Occupation | Gay rights activist |
Early life
editHe was born in Davenport, Iowa, to parents Robert and Marilyn Endean, and from 1954 to 1959, lived in Illinois.[2][1] He graduated from Lincoln High School in Bloomington, Minnesota in 1966.[1] In 1967, he attended College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota for one year. He then attended the University of Minnesota from 1968 to 1972, majoring in political science.[3] He lived in Bloomington, before moving to Washington DC in 1978.[4] He came out to his parents when he was 22 years old, by giving them a letter telling them he was gay.[2]
Career
editHis first foray into politics was in 1970, when he was an aide to the Wendell Anderson for governor campaign, and then a year later he was the scheduling coordinator for the Harry Davis mayor campaign.[1] In 1971, Endean founded the Minnesota Committee for Gay Rights (later Gay Rights Legislative Committee), and became the first gay and lesbian rights lobbyist in Minnesota a year later.[1] Endean recalled that in those early days of the 1970s, he was jeered at by some Minnesota lawmakers, when he was lobbying legislators for support of a LGBT rights bill.[5]
In 1973, Endean started lobbying the Minneapolis City Council to include protection for gay rights in the Minneapolis anti-discrimination ordinance.[1] At the time, he was working out of the office of then 6th Ward Alderman, Earl Netwal.[1] Endean's persistent efforts eventually lead to a 10-0 vote to ban discrimination on the basis of "affectional or sexual preference".[6]
Along with the Minnesota Committee for Gay Rights and Democratic legislators, Endean opposed trans-inclusion and public accommodations in a statewide gay rights bill, giving as their reason the belief that the bill would not pass with such inclusion.[7] In the 1970s, he served as co-chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Gay Task Force (later NGLTF).[1] In 1978, he became the director of the Gay Rights National Lobby.[1][8] In 1980, he started the Human Rights Campaign Fund (HRC), and served as its first executive director.[9][3]
In December 1986, Endean created the Fairness Fund, a LGBT rights organization whose objective was focused on grassroots political lobbying.[10] In 1988, the Fairness Fund merged with the HRC.[10] In 1991, he created the National Endorsement Campaign, an effort to get straight political leaders and media figures to endorse LGBT rights. Also in 1991, he published his memoir, Into the Mainstream.[3] In 1993, he was present at the Minnesota State Capitol when the Legislature passed the Minnesota Human Rights Act, which banned LGBT discrimination in housing, employment, and education.[11] The law included those same protections for the transgender community, the first such state inclusion in the country.[11]
Personal life
editIn 1985, Endean was diagnosed with AIDS.[3] Due to his declining health, he retired on disability in 1991.[3] He died of AIDS-related complications on August 4, 1993.[3] He was a member of the Metropolitan Community Church.[12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i Endean, Steve (2006). Eaklor, Vicki L. (ed.). Bringing Lesbian And Gay Rights Into The Mainstream: Twenty Years Of Progress. New York: Harrington Park Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-525-5.
- ^ a b Grow, Doug (August 6, 1993). "Death Be Not Proud, For A Legacy and Spirit Can Live On". Star Tribune. p. 3B. Archived from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Eaklor, Vicki L. "Endean, Steve (1948-1993)" (PDF). glbtq Encyclopedia Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
- ^ McGrath, Dennis J (September 28, 1991). "Campaign Urges Leaders To Sign Up Against Gay Bias". Star Tribune. ProQuest 418309627. Archived from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ Schneider, Karen . (April 22, 1993). "Ten Years On, Gay Activists Acquire Clout, But Differences Remain Within Their Movement". Seattle Times. p. A3. ProQuest 384202586. Archived from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ Margolin, Emma (June 2, 2016). "How Minneapolis became the first city in the country to pass trans protections". MSNBC. Archived from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ^ Griffin Jr., Carl (May 7, 1975). "No Compromise Gay Coalition May Sink Rights Bill". The Advocate. No. 163. p. 4. ISSN 0001-8996. EBSCOhost 10264328.
- ^ Lambert, Bruce (August 6, 1993). "Stephen R. Endean, 44, Founder Of Largest Gay Political Group". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 23, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
- ^ Von Drehle, David (November 23, 2003). "Same-Sex Unions Move Center Stage; After a Decade on Fringe, Gay Marriage Enters American Consciousness". The Washington Post. p. 1A. ProQuest 409560504. Archived from the original on July 14, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ a b "25 Years of Political Influence: The Records of the Human Rights Campaign". Cornell University. Ithaca, NY. 2006. Archived from the original on July 14, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ a b Preston, Joshua (2016). "Senator Allan Spear and the Minnesota Human Rights Act". Minnesota History. 65 (3). Minnesota Historical Society Press: 76–87. ISSN 0026-5497. JSTOR 24898874. Archived from the original on July 14, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
- ^ "Stephen Endean Dies". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. August 6, 1993. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
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