Stoltenberg is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Gerhard Stoltenberg (1928–2001), German politician and prime minister of Schleswig-Holstein
- Thorvald Stoltenberg (1931-2018), Norwegian diplomat and cabinet member
- Jens Stoltenberg (born 1959; son of Thorvald), 13th Secretary General of NATO
- Donald Stoltenberg (1927–2016), American artist, author and teacher
- John Stoltenberg (born 1944), American radical feminist activist and writer
- Jason Stoltenberg (born 1970), Australian tennis player
- Robert Stoltenberg (born 1965), Norwegian comedian
- Abdi Farah Mude Stoltenberg, Somalian politician[citation needed]