Strand swamp

A strand swamp or strand is a type of swamp in Florida that forms a linear drainage channel on flatlands. A forested wetland ecological habitat, strands occur on land areas with high water tables where the lack of slope prevents stream formation. Strands are more linear than the cypress dome swamps that form in more rounded depressions and are fairly similar to floodplain swamps that form further north along streams and rivers.

Undergrowth in the Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve.

For the most part, strand swamps occur south of Lake Okeechobee. Notable strand swamps include the Fakahatchee Strand and Corkscrew Swamp, where the trees are up to 700 years old and 100 ft (30 m) tall. The Fakahatchee Strand is a tree-filled channel of slowly moving water that is 20 mi (32 km) long and 5 mi (8 km) wide.

Strand swamps are often dominated by bald cypress (Taxodium distichum). Shallower strand swamps may contain pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens). When either of these trees dominate, the strand is known as a "cypress strand". Outside of protected areas, most old-growth cypress trees in Florida along streams or lakes have been harvested for their rot-resistant wood.

Beneath a strand swamp are layers of peat. Established strand swamps with a large amount of vegetation have deep peat layers. These deep peat layers can serve as a wick to draw water from underground into the swamp during droughts.

List of species

Undisturbed strand swamps support a number of plant species:

Epiphytes and vines

• white twinevine (Sarcostemma clausum)
• common wild-pine (Tillandsia fasciculata)
• eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

Herbs

• giant leather fern (Acrostichum danaeifolium)
• waterhyssops (Bacopa spp.)
• toothed midsorus fern (Blechnum serrulatum)
• sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense)
• string lily (Crinum americanum)
• royal fern (Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis)

Shrubs

• red maple (Acer rubrum)
• pond apple (Annona glabra)
• common buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)
• strangler fig (Ficus aurea)
• sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana)
• wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera)
• swamp bay (Persea palustris)
• swamp laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
• myrsine (Rapanea punctata)
• Florida royal palm (Roystonea regia)
• cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto)
• coastalplain willow (Salix caroliniana)

Strand swamps are also home to a number of animals, including Florida redbelly turtle (Pseudemys nelsoni), wood stork (Mycteria americana), wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus), and the endangered Florida panther.