Street Light (also known as The Street Light: Study of Light and Street Lamp (Suffering of a Street Lamp)[3]) (Italian: Lampada ad arco) is a painting by Italian Futurist painter Giacomo Balla, dated 1909, depicting an electric street lamp casting a glow that outshines the crescent moon.[4][5] The painting was inspired by streetlights at the Piazza Termini in Rome.[6][7]
| Street Light | |
|---|---|
| Italian: Lampada ad arco[1] | |
 | |
| Artist | Giacomo Balla |
| Year | c. 1910–1911 (dated 1909 on painting)[2] |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Subject | An electric street light |
| Dimensions | 174.7 cm × 114.7 cm (68.8 in × 45.2 in)[2] |
| Location | Museum of Modern Art, New York City, US |
| Accession | 23715 (NCSU Libraries) |
History
editLamp posts were a subject of Balla's work as early as 1900–1901. The iconography of a stylized street lamp appeared in a commercial poster in 1910, though it is not known if this work influenced Balla or vice versa.[8] Other sources state that he was inspired to paint after seeing Rome's first electric street lights, the design of which were then universally regarded as looking passéist.[3]
Though dated 1909, Street Light was most likely painted in the latter half of 1911, following Balla's rejection from an art exhibition in Milan. Fellow Futurist Umberto Boccioni encouraged Balla to continue his efforts in Futurism, with an eye to the 1912 Futurist exhibition at the Bernheim-Jeune Gallery in Paris. Though the work is mentioned in the catalog for that exhibition, it was not actually displayed there.[3] The painting was later exhibited by Balla in 1928.[9]
The acquisition of the painting by the Museum of Modern Art in New York was publicly announced on October 17, 1954.[4] The painting, catalogued as object number 7.1954, was included in exhibitions in 1954–55, 1961, 1964, 1971, 1984, and 2012–13.[2] As of 2013[update], it was not on permanent display.[10] The museum also houses a pencil-and-ink study that Balla made for the painting.[11]
Context
editPainted around the time of the organization of the Futurist artists, the work may be seen as a response to Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's 1909 manifesto Uccidiamo il Chiaro di Luna! (Let's Kill the Moonlight!), in which Marinetti writes, "trecento lune elettriche cancellarono coi loro raggi di gesso abbagliante l'antica regina verde degli amori." ("three hundred electric moons wiped out with their dazzling rays of plaster the ancient green queen of love.")[8] Balla's painting is an analytical study of the patterns and colors of a beam of light;[12] it typifies his exploration of light, atmosphere, and motion as a member of the Italian Divisionism movement, in which he was inspired by the Neo-Impressionism of Georges Seurat and Paul Signac.[13][4] Balla stated of his painting, decades later, that it "demonstrated how romantic moonlight had been surpassed by the light of the modern electric street light. This was the end of Romanticism in art. From my picture came the phrase (beloved by the Futurists): 'We shall kill the light of the moon'."[4]
Reception and legacy
editThe work is described in the Encyclopædia Britannica as a "dynamic depiction of light", conveying "a sense of speed and urgency that puts [Balla's] paintings in line with Futurism’s fascination with the energy of modern life."[5] It is said to reflect Balla's fascination with artificial light.[14] Art critic Donald Kuspit describes the painting as a "crypto-scientific" study of the emotionally neutral sensation of light and color.[15]
In The End of Night: Searching for Natural Darkness in an Age of Artificial Light, author Paul Bogard contrasts the painting with Van Gogh's 1889 The Starry Night, also at the MoMA; while the latter depicts a deep and dynamic night sky, the sky in Balla's Street Light is submerged into the background by his celebrated artificial light.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Street Light". Syracuse University Digital Library. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ a b c "Giacomo Balla: Street Light". Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ a b c Tisdall, Caroline; Bozzolla, Angelo (1977). Futurism. Thames & Hudson. pp. 60 to 63.
- ^ a b c d "Paintings from the Museum Collection" (PDF) (Press release). Museum of Modern Art. October 17, 1954. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ a b "Giacomo Bala". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ Cole, Thomas B. (October 2011). "The Cover". Journal of the American Medical Association. 306 (16): 1739. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1450. PMID 22028342.
- ^ Street Light|Humanities|JAMA Network
- ^ a b D'Elia, Anna (1988). L'Universo Futurisa: Una Mappa: Dal Quadro alla Cravatta (in Italian). Edizioni Dedalo. pp. 24–25. ISBN 9788822060808. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
- ^ Benzi, Fabio (1998). Balla: futurismo tra arte e moda: opere della Fondazione Biagiotti Cigna (in Italian). Giunti Editore. p. 17. ISBN 9788809019652. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ a b Bogard, Paul (July 9, 2013). "From a Starry Night to a Streetlight". The End of Night: Searching for Natural Darkness in an Age of Artificial Light. Little, Brown and Company. pp. 36–39. ISBN 978-0316182911.
- ^ "Giacomo Balla: Study for Street Light". Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Lampada ad arco". Babele Arte (in Italian). Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Giacomo Balla (1871-1958)". Encyclopedia of Visual Artists. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ Pollack, Maika (February 26, 2014). "'Italian Futurism, 1909–1944: Reconstructing the Universe' at the Guggenheim Museum". Observer. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ Kuspit, Donald. "The Matrix of Sensations". artnet. Retrieved 19 July 2016.