Ese is a language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea. Although it is also known as Managalasi, which the Summer Institute of Linguistics regards as pejorative possibly because it is a corruption of Hiri Motu phrase meaning the equivalent of "know nothings",[2] the term "Upper Managalasi" indicates Ömie, another member of Baraic languages.[3] Dialects are Muaturaina, Chimona, Dea, Akabafa, Nami, Mesari, Averi, Afore, Minjori, Oko, Wakue, Numba, Jimuni, Karira. Perhaps 40% of speakers are monolingual.
| Ese | |
|---|---|
| Region | Oro Province, Papua New Guinea |
Native speakers | 10,000 (2000)[1] 4,000 monolinguals (2001)[1] |
Trans–New Guinea
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mcq |
| Glottolog | esee1247 |
It is spoken in the Kawawoki Mission area of Popondetta.[1]
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tɕ | k | ʔ |
| voiced | dʑ | |||||
| Fricative | β | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
- Allophones of phonemes /β, tɕ, dʑ, ɾ/ exist as [b, ts, ɖʐ, ɺ].
Vowels
edit| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Low | a |
- A central vowel sound [ʉ] can be heard as a result of /i/ preceding /u/.
- Allophones of /e, a, o/, exist as [ɛ ə ɔ].
- A semivowel sound [w] occurs when /u/ precedes a stressed vowel.[4]
Further reading
edit- Parlier, James. 1970. Managalasi sentences. Manuscript. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.
- Parlier, Judith and James Parlier. 1981. Managalasi Dictionary. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.
References
edit- ^ a b c Ese at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Rohatynskyj, Marta (2023). Ömie Sex Affiliation: A Papuan Nature. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 50. doi:10.3167/9781800736603. ISBN 9781800736603.
- ^ Ömie at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Parlier, Jim; Parlier, Judy (1963). Managalasi Phonology. SIL.
