Subhyracodon (Latin: "below the genus Hyracodon"[5]) is an extinct genus of hornless rhinocerotids. With a length of 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) and an estimated weight of 381 kg (840 lb) in S. mitis,[citation needed] it was a tapir-sized herbivore on the plains of early Oligocene South Dakota 33 million years ago. It coexisted with other perissodactyls such as horses, brontotheres, and chalicotheres.[6] Subhyracodon had no horns, relying more on its speed to escape from predators, but a species found at Wind Cave National Park had a pair of bony nasal ridges.[citation needed] The genus Caenopus and species originally referred to as Aceratherium were synonymized into Subhyracodon.[7] It has been suggested to be one of the oldest known members of the subfamily Elasmotheriinae by some studies,[8] though other studies place it firmly outside the Rhinocerotinae-Elasmotheriinae split.[9]

Subhyracodon
Temporal range: Late Eocene to Late Oligocene, 38.0–26.3 Ma [1]
Subhyracodon occidentalis skeleton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Genus: Subhyracodon
Brandt, 1878
Type species
Subhyracodon occidentalis
Species[2]
  • S. kewi
  • S. mitis
  • S. occidentalis
Synonyms
Life restoration by Charles R. Knight
Skull

References

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  1. ^ Prothero, 2005, p. 41.
  2. ^ Prothero, 2005, pp. 40-47.
  3. ^ McKenna & Bell, 1997, p. 481.
  4. ^ a b c Prothero, 2005, p. 43.
  5. ^ "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
  6. ^ "Paleobiology Database: Subhyracodon mitis". Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
  7. ^ C.C. O'Harra (1920). The White River Badlands. Rapid City, SD: South Dakota School of Mines. p. 181.
  8. ^ Kosintsev, Pavel; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Devièse, Thibaut; van der Plicht, Johannes; Kuitems, Margot; Petrova, Ekaterina; Tikhonov, Alexei; Higham, Thomas; Comeskey, Daniel; Turney, Chris; Cooper, Alan; van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Stuart, Anthony J.; Lister, Adrian M. (2018-11-26). "Evolution and extinction of the giant rhinoceros Elasmotherium sibiricum sheds light on late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (1): 31–38. Bibcode:2018NatEE...3...31K. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0722-0. hdl:1887/82017. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30478308. S2CID 53726338.
  9. ^ Geraads, Denis; Zouhri, Samir (2021). "A new late Miocene elasmotheriine rhinoceros from Morocco". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 66. doi:10.4202/app.00904.2021.
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