Sugar has been produced in India since ancient 1200BC and then it spread to other parts. Sugarcane is a native of tropical Indian and Pakistan subcontinent then to Southeast Asia.[1] In India, sugarcane is planted thrice a year in October, March and July depending on part of the country.[2] Most of the sugar production in India takes at local Cooperative Sugar mills.[3][4] After gaining Independence, India made serious plans for overall industrial development of sugar industry.[5]
Market
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Sugar industry is a big business in India. Around 525 mills produced more than 30 million tonnes of sugar in the last crushing season,[6] which lasted from October to April. This makes it the world's largest producer, unseating Brazil. Some 50 million farmers and millions of more workers, are involved in sugarcane farming.[7] India is the world's largest consumer of sugar.[8][9] According to data from the Indian Sugar Mills Association, the country's sugar mill produce 268.21 lakh (26,821,000) tonnes of sugar between October 1, 2019, and May 31, 2020.[10]
On May 24, 2022, the Indian government announced that India will restrict the export of sugar from June 1, 2022. This restriction has been ordered to maintain domestic availability and ensure price stability.[11]
Production of sugar cane in India
editSugar cane is very important input for making sugar.[12] When production of sugar cane increases, sugar production also increases. Sugar cane's production increased from 110 million tonnes in year 1961 to 405 million tonnes in year 2019. Sugar cane are grown in 2413 thousand hectare in 1961 year to 5061 thousand hectare in year 2019. Production quality for sugar cane is also increased. Production quantity improved from 45 tonnes/hectare to 80 tonnes/hectare.
| Year | Hectare (thousand) [12] | Production tonnes/hectare | Production (million tonnes) |
| 1961 | 2,413 | 45 | 110 |
| 1971 | 2,615 | 48 | 126 |
| 1981 | 2,666 | 58 | 154 |
| 1991 | 3,686 | 65 | 241 |
| 2001 | 4,315 | 68 | 296 |
| 2011 | 4,944 | 69 | 342 |
| 2019 | 5,061 | 80 | 405 |
Production of sugar cane by state
editTraditionally, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra produce the majority of sugar cane in India. This can be attributed to rich soil surrounding major rivers present in both states. However, in 2019 Maharashtra was hit with floods thus affecting total production.
| State | Production(1000 tonnes) | Share(Percentage) |
|---|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | 177,060.00 | 46.75 |
| Maharashtra | 83,130.00 | 22.06 |
| Karnataka | 28,260.00 | 7.50 |
| Tamil Nadu | 16,540.00 | 4.39 |
| Bihar | 13,980.00 | 3.71 |
| Gujarat | 12,050.00 | 3.20 |
| Haryana | 9,630.00 | 2.56 |
| Punjab | 8,020.00 | 2.13 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 7,950.00 | 2.11 |
| Uttarakhand | 6,300.00 | 1.67 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 5,430.00 | 1.44 |
| Telangana | 2,560.00 | 0.68 |
| Others | 5,980.00 | 1.59 |
Products and by-products
editThe processing of sugarcane generates bagasse, molasses and press mud. Indian sugar industry has been using these by-products to generate bioethanol, electricity and many other products over the years.[14]
Organisations
editSee also
editReferences
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- ^ Moxham, Roy (2002-02-07). The Great Hedge of India: The Search for the Living Barrier that Divided a People. Basic Books. ISBN 9780786709762.
- ^ "Planting time: Sugarcane | agropedia". Agropedia.iitk.ac.in. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ "NFCSF – National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited". Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ "Cooperative sugar mills seek sops to begin crushing in next season". The Financial Express. 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ "Indian Sugar Industry, Sugar Industry in India, Sugar Industry, Sugar Industries". www.indianmirror.com. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ Bhosale, Jayashree (2019-01-21). "ISMA cuts India's 2018–19 sugar production estimate to 307 lakh tonnes". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ Biswas, Soutik (2019-05-08). "How sugar influences the world's biggest election". BBC News. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ Rai, Shivani (2018-09-03). "India, The World's Biggest Consumer Of Sugar Set To Replace Brazil As Its Biggest Producer Too". Sugar Industry News and Updates. Chinimandi.com. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ "Indians Are The World's Largest Consumers Of Sugar, And It's Slowly Poisoning Us!". indiatimes.com. 2015-12-09. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ "Bittersweet harvest". The Tribune.
- ^ "Explained: Sugar export curbs and their impact". The Indian Express. 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ a b "Production of sugar cane in India".
- ^ "India production of 1015,1015". Agriexchange.apeda.gov.in. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
- ^ Solomon, S. (2011-12-01). "Sugarcane By-Products Based Industries in India". Sugar Tech. 13 (4): 408–416. doi:10.1007/s12355-011-0114-0. ISSN 0974-0740. S2CID 45483988.
- ^ "Maharashtra mills set yet another record in sugar output". The Economic Times. 2019-05-07. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ "India's 2018/19 sugar output seen at 32.6 million T – trade body". Reuters. 2019-03-18. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ "NSI admission 2019: Applications begun at National Sugar Institute, entrance exam in June". The Indian Express. 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ "Sugar technologists seek hike in MSP to Rs 3,600/quintal". The Financial Express. 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2019-06-04.