Sulguni (Georgian: სულგუნი, სულუგუნი sulguni, suluguni; Svan: სჷლგინ, ლჷჯმარე selgin, lejmare; Mingrelian: სელეგინ selegin) is a brined Georgian cheese from the Samegrelo[1] region. It has a sour, moderately salty flavor, a dimpled texture, and an elastic consistency; these attributes are the result of the process used, as is the source of its nickname "pickle cheese". Its color ranges from white to pale yellow. Sulguni is often deep-fried, which masks its odor. It is often served in wedges. Sulguni is patented by Georgia since 24 January 2012[2]
| Sulguni | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Other names | Suluguni, Selegin |
| Country of origin | Georgia |
| Region | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti |
| Source of milk | Cows, buffalos |
 Related media on Commons | |
A typical sulguni cheese is shaped as a flat disc, 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters thick. It weighs 0.5 to 1.5 kg (1.1 to 3.3 lb) and contains 50% water and between 1% and 5% salt. Dry fat content averages 45%.[3] Sulguni is produced only of natural ingredients: normalized cow milk by clotting by rennet with pure cultures of lactic bacteria.[4]
Etymology
editThe name is etymologized as Mingrelian: სელეგინ (selegin).
There is a version, that the word sulguni is etymologized as Ossetic (Digor dialect) сулугун (sulugun) adding Georgian nominative formant i, where sulu means Whey, and formant -gun means "made of".[5] However, this version does not take into account the fact that initially this cheese was produced in Samegrelo region in the western Georgia, which doesn't border to other regions of Georgia where partially Ossetian language is used. At the same time, initially in Megrelian language the name sounds as selegin (sele - verb. "to knead", gin - cattle family (buffalos, cows) whose milk is used to produce the cheese). Kneading of the primary cheese is the key stage of the final cheese production process. These arguments contradict the etymologization on the basis of Ossetian sulu. It is assumed that selegin was transformed into suluguni as a result of migration of the name into Georgian and to Eastern and other regions of Georgia. A folk etymology posits that the name sulguni comes from two Georgian words: suli (which means "soul") and guli ("heart").
Production
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According to the 1970s sources, sulguni accounted for around 27% of cheese production in Georgia.[6] It was the third most popular pickled cheese of the Soviet Union, with 16.5% share in 1987 (after bryndza and Ossetian cheese).[7]
Sulguni may be produced from normalized milk of cow, buffalo, or a mix of these milks. It is a "quick cheese" maturing in just one or two days.[3] The mix of normalized milk and bacterial starter is scalded at 36-38 °C or, alternatively, renneted without scalding. It is then cheddared in whey at 34-35 °C for up to five hours, reaching titratable acidity of 140-160°C.[8]
The cheddared mass is then diced into pieces 1 to 3 centimeters long. They are heated to 60-80 °C in a rotating mixer, either directly or with added whey or brine. Plasticizing of raw mass takes five to seven minutes. Direct dry plasticizing yields fatter, drier cheese with superior taste.[8] Plasticized cheese mass is then cooled, drained of whey and shaped by hand. Shaped cheeses are cured in cold (8-12 °C), mildly acidic brine for 6 to 48 hours.
For a long time, sulguni rennet cheese was produced only by local Georgian farmers but in 2012 the Georgian dairy company "LTD Sante GMT products" started producing packaged sulguni. They are utilizing a fully automated production process, with minimized manual operations.
In Russia, suluguni cheese is produced by technology described in GOST R 53437-2009 "Suluguni and Sloistyi cheeses. Specifications". Word "sloistyi" (Russian: слоистый) means "layered"; this name (layered cheese) is being used sometimes in the USSR and disused in current Russian language.
See also
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- List of cheeses – List of cheeses by place of origin
- List of stretch-curd cheeses – Cheeses prepared using the pasta filata technique
Notes
edit- ^ "IPCG". www.sakpatenti.gov.ge. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "IPCG". www.sakpatenti.gov.ge. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ^ a b Gudkov, p. 296.
- ^ "Goods. "Rennet briny cheese "Suluguni" "". Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012. "Rennet briny cheese "Sulguni"
- ^ V. I. Abaev. Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка. V. III. P.197. Syly|sulu — свежая молочная сыворотка, остающаяся после створаживания молока. <…> Несомненным заимствованием из дигорского sulugun является мегр., груз. suluguni, sulguni…
- ^ Gudkov, p. 298, citing 1974 and 1975 sources.
- ^ Gudkov, p. 295.
- ^ a b Gudkov, p. 298.
References
edit- Jones, Evan (1984). The World of Cheese.
- Gudkov, A. V. (1999). Cheeses of the former USSR, in: Fox, Patrick P. (1999). Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology: Major Cheese Groups, volume 2. Springer. ISBN 0-8342-1339-7, ISBN 978-0-8342-1339-5.
- http://santegmtproducts.ge/en/products/361/