The Sunsphere, located in World's Fair Park in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, is a 266-foot (81 m) tall hexagonal steel truss structure, topped with the 75-foot (23 m) gold-colored glass sphere that served as the symbol of the 1982 World's Fair. Directly across a man-made pond from the Tennessee Amphitheater, they are the only remaining structures from the fair.[3]
| Sunsphere | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Observation tower |
| Architectural style | Modernism, High-tech[2] |
| Location | Knoxville, Tennessee, United States |
| Coordinates | 35°57′42″N 83°55′24″W / 35.9617°N 83.9232°W |
| Construction started | 1981 |
| Completed | 1982 |
| Opened | May 1, 1982 |
| Owner | City of Knoxville |
| Height | |
| Roof | 81.07 m (266.0 ft) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Don Shell[1] (et alii) |
| Structural engineer | Stanley D. Lindsey and Associates, Ltd. |
| Website | |
| worldsfairpark | |
Design
editDesigned by the Knoxville-based architectural firm Community Tectonics, the Sunsphere was noted for its unique design in several engineering publications.[4] It was originally to have had a diameter of 86.5 feet (26.4 m) – symbolically that of the 865,000-mile (1,392,000 km) Sun.[4] The tower's window glass panels are layered in 24-karat gold dust and cut to seven different shapes. It weighs 600 short tons (540 t) and features six double steel truss columns in supporting the seven-story sphere.[4] The tower has a volume of 203,689 cubic feet (5,767.8 m3) and a surface of 16,742 square feet (1,555.4 m2).[4]
History
editDuring the fair it cost US$2 (equivalent to $6.31 in 2023) to take the elevator to the tower's observation deck. The tower served as a restaurant and featured food items such as the "Sunburger" and a rum and fruit juice cocktail called the "Sunburst".[5] In the early morning hours on May 12, 1982, a shot was fired from outside the fair site and shattered one of the sphere's windows. No one was arrested for the incident.[6]
The Sunsphere has been used as a symbol for Knoxville, appearing in postcards and logos. Between 1993 and 1999, the Sunsphere was featured in part on the logo for the Knoxville Smokies minor league baseball club. The 2002 AAU Junior Olympics mascot Spherit took its inspiration from the landmark.[7] It featured red hair and a body shaped like the Sunsphere.[7] On Sunday, May 14, 2000, nuclear weapons protesters scaled the tower and hung a large banner saying "Stop the Bombs". They remained on the tower for three days before surrendering to police.[8]
Redevelopment
editIn March 1991, officials from the Pensacola Tornados of the Continental Basketball Association were looking at Knoxville for possible location and said of the Sunsphere as potential office space, "What better place for basketball offices than a giant gold basketball in the sky."[9]
In March 1994 the World's Fair Park Development Committee sought to reopen the Sunsphere as a restaurant (similar to Seattle's Space Needle, which features a restaurant at the top): CEB Enterprises would have opened a casual dining restaurant called World's Fare Restaurant; Cierra Restaurant Group would have opened a fine dining restaurant. Both proposals failed.[10]
The Sunsphere was proposed to be included as part of the new Knoxville Convention Center. While not physically incorporated into the final design, the Convention Center was designed with an open curve along its north edge to allow access to the Sunsphere. During construction of the Convention Center, the observation deck – which the city had briefly reopened, still sporting the original World's Fair-era displays and explanations of the panorama – was closed while the tower was commandeered by the Knoxville Public Building Authority as offices for, quite literally, overseeing construction of the Convention Center.[11]
Reopening
editThe Level 4 observation deck was reopened on July 5, 2007, to give visitors a view of Knoxville. The observation deck can hold 86 people.[12] At the time of its reopening, Level 5 became a cafe with concession and an early evening drinks service. Level 6 served as an open space leased out for functions. As of October 2013, both the 7th and 8th floors are available for commercial rental.[13]
On August 27, 2008, the 5th floor was opened as the SkyBox bar and lounge. It eventually closed, however, and real estate investor Tony Capiello opened Icon Ultra Lounge in its place, investing $450,000.[14]
In June 2013, a patron accidentally broke an inside window; nobody was hurt.[15] On November 13, 2013, it was announced that Visit Knoxville would update and renovate the 4th floor of the observation deck.[16][needs update]
The Sunsphere observation deck was closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Visit Knoxville reopened the Sunsphere observation deck on February 22, 2022. The floor offers a 360-degree view stretching from downtown to the Great Smoky Mountains, including World's Fair Park, the Tennessee River, and the University of Tennessee Campus. Visitors can also view a 1982 World's Fair timeline, gallery, memorabilia, and gift shop.
In popular culture
editA March 1996 episode of The Simpsons, "Bart on the Road", features the Sunsphere.[17] Bart and three friends (Nelson, Martin, and Milhouse) travel to Knoxville to visit the World's Fair, only to learn they are over a decade too late. In the episode, the Sunsphere has become a dilapidated storage warehouse for a wig store called the Wigsphere.[18] Nelson then throws a rock at the Sunsphere, causing it to topple over and land on top of their rental car, destroying it and stranding them in Knoxville.[17]
The Sunsphere has also been called "The Lord's Golf Tee".[19]
References
edit- ^ Shearer, John (March 22, 2013). "Sunsphere shines as the city's architectural icon". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
- ^ "Sunsphere". Society of Architectural Historians. July 17, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
- ^ Amy McRary (May 28, 2016). "World's Fair: The world came to Knoxville in May 1982". Knoxville News Sentinel.
- ^ a b c d "Far-out designs add flair to fair". Engineering News-Record. November 26, 1981.
- ^ "Gate to Gate, Many Choices" (fee required). The Philadelphia Inquirer. May 30, 1982.
- ^ "Fair structure damaged". The Washington Post. May 13, 1982.
- ^ a b Hullander, Douglas (March 6, 2006). "Monumental stats; Ever Wonder?; From the Sunsphere to Sharps Ridge, some facts and figures about our local landmarks". Knoxville News Sentinel.
- ^ "Bomb protesters surrender". Knoxville News Sentinel. May 17, 2000.
- ^ Hyams, Jimmy (March 17, 1991). "CBA team executives to pay visit". Knoxville News Sentinel.
- ^ Dean, Jacquelyn B. (April 1, 1994). "Restaurant groups envision Sunsphere for 'high dining'". Knoxville News Sentinel.
- ^ Balloch, Jim (January 21, 1999). "Future of Sunsphere is up in air; Empty now, it may become function of convention center". Knoxville News Sentinel.
- ^ Whitehead, Paul N. (July 6, 2007). "World's Fair Park main attraction reopened to the public Thursday". Knoxville News Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 8, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
- ^ Flory, Josh. "Josh Flory: Office space available in the Sunsphere » Knoxville News Sentinel". Knoxnews.com. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
- ^ Harrington, Carly (October 26, 2012). "Carly Harrington: Sunsphere nightclub 'Icon Ultra Lounge' opens with big city feel". Knoxville News Sentinel. Archived from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
- ^ "Sunsphere window shatters in bar accident | News | Downtown - UT News". Downtown.wbir.com. June 28, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
- ^ "Visit Knoxville getting ball rolling on Sunsphere renovations". WBIR.com. November 15, 2013. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ a b Higgins, M. Trevor (January 3, 2007). "Sunsphere remains pop-culture icon". Chattanooga Times Free Press.
- ^ "The Sunsphere".
- ^ Coffey, Don (May 1997). "Knoxville, Tennessee - Localzine". CMJ New Music Monthly. Retrieved November 21, 2022.
Further reading
edit- Woodward, Martha Rose (2007). Knoxville's Sunsphere: Biography of a Landmark. Kan sasana Printer. ISBN 978-0-89826-137-0.
External links
edit- The Sunsphere (World's Fair Park website)