Surprise Mountain is a 6,330-foot (1,929-metre) mountain summit located above the southern end of Glacier Lake, in eastern King County of Washington state.[6] It is part of the Wenatchee Mountains, which are a subset of the Cascade Range, and is situated in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.[1] Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Surprise Creek and Deception Creek, both tributaries of the Skykomish River. The nearest higher neighbor is Thunder Mountain, 0.88 mi (1.42 km) to the northeast, and Terrace Mountain is set three miles (4.8 km) to the southwest.[1] The Pacific Crest Trail skirts this peak as it passes through Surprise Gap.
| Surprise Mountain | |
|---|---|
 Surprise Mountain, above Glacier Lake | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 6,330 ft (1,929 m)[1][2] |
| Prominence | 530 ft (162 m)[1] |
| Parent peak | Thunder Mountain (6,556 ft)[3] |
| Isolation | 0.54 mi (0.87 km)[4] |
| Coordinates | 47°38′49″N 121°08′43″W / 47.646829°N 121.145244°W[1] |
| Geography | |
  Surprise Mountain Location in Washington  Surprise Mountain Surprise Mountain (the United States) | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | King |
| Protected area | Alpine Lakes Wilderness |
| Parent range | North Wenatchee Mountains[1] Cascade Range |
| Topo map | USGS Scenic |
| Geology | |
| Rock age | Late Cretaceous[5] |
| Rock type | Tonalitic pluton[5] |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hiking[2] |
Climate
editSurprise Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.[2] Most weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snow onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in avalanche danger.[2] During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.[2] The months of July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Geology
editThe Alpine Lakes Wilderness features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite walls spotted with over 700 mountain lakes.[7] Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch.[8] With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted.[8] In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.[8]
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured and shaped the landscape.[8] The last glacial retreat in the Alpine Lakes area began about 14,000 years ago and was north of the Canada–US border by 10,000 years ago.[8] The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of that recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness area.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "Surprise Mountain, Washington". Peakbagger.com.
- ^ a b c d e Beckey, Fred W. Cascade Alpine Guide, Climbing and High Routes. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books, 2008.
- ^ "Surprise Mountain Washington". Bivouac.com. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
- ^ "Surprise Mountain - 6,330' WA". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
- ^ a b Geologic map of the North Cascade Range, Washington, Haugerud, R.A., and Tabor, R.W., US Geological Survey, 2009.
- ^ "Surprise Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
- ^ Smoot, Jeff (2004). Backpacking Washington's Alpine Lakes Wilderness. Helena, Montana: The Globe Pequot Press.
- ^ a b c d e Kruckeberg, Arthur (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. University of Washington Press.
External links
edit- Weather forecast: Surprise Mountain
- Alpine Lakes Wilderness (Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest) U.S. Forest Service