Svetozar Vujković (Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Вујковић; 1899–1949) was a Serbian police officer who commanded the Banjica concentration camp during World War II. He was a high-ranking official in the pre-war Belgrade police and was involved in the persecution of communists in Yugoslavia during the interwar period.[1]
Svetozar Vujković | |
|---|---|
| Светозар Вујковић | |
 Svetozar Vujković in 1942 | |
| Born | 1899 |
| Died | 1949 |
| Cause of death | execution |
| Citizenship | Serbian, Yugoslav |
| Occupation | high police official |
| Years active | ??-1944 |
| Organization | Government of National Salvation |
| Known for | being commander of Banjica concentration camp |
| Criminal status | executed |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Criminal charge | treason, war crimes |
| Penalty | death |
Vujković collaborated enthusiastically with the Gestapo following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia.[2] He was made Special Police commander at Banjica on 5 August 1941 and was later the victim of a failed assassination attempt by Serbian anti-fascists.[3] As the commander at Banjica, he ordered murders and devised torture techniques. Execution lists were drawn up by him beginning in 1942. Vujković often selected victims, including children, at random, and had murders carried out by members of the Belgrade Special Police and the Serbian State Guard.[2] He is said to have personally participated in interrogations and devised numerous humiliating methods of torture. Executions occurred frequently at his whim and he rarely asked for approval from German or Serbian authorities to carry out murders and ordered prisoners killed even in cases where the Ministry of Interior decided against execution. Vujković is reported to have begged the Germans to "personally shoot twenty young girls who were ordered for shooting" on one occasion. Despite this, neither he nor any other Serbs holding positions of power in the camp were reprimanded or removed from their posts by the Serbian collaborationist government. When prisoners in Banjica complained of lack of food, Vujković and his associates often replied by saying: "[You] didn't come here for spa therapy and food, but to be executed. To eat more or less will not save your lives."[1]
Vujković was captured by the Anglo-American forces and extradited to Yugoslavia at the end of the war. In July 1949, he testified before the Yugoslav State Commission and explained that Serbian collaborationist forces saved countless Serb civilians from being executed as German hostages by swapping them with Roma prisoners.[4] He was executed in 1949.
Notes
edit- ^ a b Antić 2012, pp. 31−32.
- ^ a b Cohen 1996, pp. 48−49.
- ^ Marjanović 1964, p. 133.
- ^ Antić 2012, p. 30.
References
editBooks
edit- Antić, Ana (2012). "Police Force Under Occupation: Serbian State Guard and Volunteers' Corps in the Holocaust". In Horowitz, Sara R. (ed.). Back to the Sources: Re-examining Perpetrators, Victims and Bystanders. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-2862-0.
- Cohen, Philip J. (1996). Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-760-7.
- Marjanović, Jovan (1964). Србија у Народноослободилачкој борби: Београд [Serbia in the People's Liberation Struggle: Belgrade] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Nolit.