Swami Satprakashananda (April 1888 – 15 November 1979) was an Indian philosopher, monk of the Ramakrishna Order, and religious teacher.
Swami Satprakashananda | |
|---|---|
| Born | April 1888 |
| Died | 15 November 1979[1]: 393 [2] |
| Alma mater | University of Calcutta |
| Occupation(s) | Monk, writer, and teacher |
Biography
editSwami Satprakashananda was born in Dhaka (now in Bangladesh) in April 1888 in what has been described as a "pious Hindu family".[1]: 388 [3] His premonastic name was Harish, and his father died when he was young.[1]: 388 Harish joined the Ramakrishna Order in 1924 in Dhaka after postgraduate work at the University of Calcutta.[3] He had been initiated by Swami Brahmananda in 1908, later receiving monastic orders (Sannyasa) from Swami Shivananda in 1927. Satprakashananda served for a time as an associate editor of Prabuddha Bharata, an English-language monthly journal of the Ramakrishna Order published since 1896,[4] and for six years directed the Ramakrishna Mission Center in New Delhi.[5]: 114
In 1937, Satprakashananda was sent to the United States of America. He gave lectures for a summer in Washington, D.C., but decided not to start a center in that city "for two reasons: the central focus of the city is political, not spiritual, and its population is transient."[1]: 391
Satprakashananda subsequently went to Saint Louis, Missouri where in 1938 he established a permanent Vedanta Society which he directed for the next forty years.[5]: 114
Satprakashananda was a scholar and wrote a number of books on Vedanta and Indian religious scriptures and commentary. He taught Huston Smith, an influential writer and religious studies scholar. Smith stated that "Swami Satprakashananda first introduced me to Hindu psychology... [and] was perhaps the only person I know who was truly a saint".[6]: 78
In American Veda, Philip Goldberg reported that after moving into the area, Huston Smith sought out the Saint Louis Vedanta Society, "took up a meditation practice and probed deeply into Vedanta, meeting with Satprakashananda for tutorials virtually every week for ten straight years."[7]: 104 When the St. Louis Vedanta Society grew and was ready to purchase its own building, Smith placed the deed in his own name, having served "as front man for the transaction,"[7]: 104 because "someone—the owner, the realtors, or the city—refused to sell to a dark-skinned heathen like Satprakashananda,"[7]: 104 an incident described by the American Vedantist as an occasion when Swami Satprakashananda "faced racial discrimination."[8]
Thought
editHistorian Carl Jackson noted the similarity of Satprakashananda's presentation of seven principles of Vedanta with a presentation almost fifty years earlier by the Vedanta Society of San Francisco, remarking that "there is a uniformity... that suggests that in nearly a century there has been almost no deviation from Swami Vivekananda's original formulations"[5]: 68
Goldberg reported that when Satprakashananda was asked whether Vedanta would take root in America, he replied "Yes, but the source will not be recognized" — a reply that Goldberg described as "prescient."[7]: 24
Written works, selected
edit- Satprakashananda, Swami (2001). Vedanta for All. Chennai, India: Sri Ramakrishna Math. ISBN 9788171209347. OCLC 489436180. (compiled and edited by Ray Ellis; republished by Lulu Press, 2015, ISBN 9781329356078)
- Satprakashananda, Swami (1977). The goal and the way: the Vedantic approach to life's problems. Vedanta Society of St. Louis. ISBN 9780916356569. OCLC 3608069.
- Reviewed in Philosophy East and West[9]
- Satprakashananda, Swami (1965). Methods of Knowledge: Perceptual, Non-perceptual, and Transcendental. London: George Allen and Unwin. OCLC 912068500.
- Reviewed in Philosophy East and West,[10] The Middle Way[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Vedanta Society, St. Louis (1999). "A short history of the Vedanta Society of St. Louis (1938 to 1996)". Prabuddha Bharata. 104 (1): 387–393. ISSN 0032-6178.
- ^ "On 15 November 1979 Swami Satprakashananda passed away" (p. 393)
- ^ a b Swami Satprakashananda (biography page at Ramakrishna Mission, Delhi), accessed 15 March 2019.
- ^ The saga of a journal The Hindu, 4 January 2009.
- ^ a b c Jackson, Carl T. (1994). Vedanta for the West: The Ramakrishna Movement in the United States. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253113887.
- ^ Smith, Huston; Paine, Jeffery (2012). The Huston Smith reader. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520270220.
- ^ a b c d Goldberg, Philip (2010). American Veda: from Emerson and the Beatles to yoga and meditation--how Indian spirituality changed the West. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 9780385521352. OCLC 808413359.
- ^ Horn, Patrick (Spring 2018). "The Hidden History of Vedanta in the West". American Vedantist (73). ISSN 1551-7284. OCLC 55974041. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ Gupta, Bina (1979). "Untitled [review of Satprakashananda's The Goal and the Way and Balasubramanian's Advaita Vedanta]". Philosophy East and West. 29 (2): 247–249. doi:10.2307/1398565. JSTOR 1398565.
- ^ Hinck, Karl (1968). "Untitled [review of Satprakashananda's Methods of Knowledge According to Advaita Vedanta]". Philosophy East and West. 18 (3): 220. doi:10.2307/1398268. JSTOR 1398268.
- ^ Anonymous (1 May 1966). "'Methods of Knowledge - according to Advaita Vedanta.' Swami Satprakashananda". The Middle Way. 41. London: Buddhist Society UK: 48. ISSN 0026-3214. OCLC 149693404.