The Sydney Yugoslav General Trade and Tourist Agency bombing occurred in Haymarket, Sydney on 16 September 1972, injuring 16 people.[1] The perpetrators of the attack were alleged to be Croatian separatists.[2]
Background
editIn the 1960's to early 1970s violent ultranationalist Ustaše activities were conducted within Australia mostly targeting supporters of a federalist Yugoslavia by Croatian separatists. These activities were carried out by various Ustaše groups including the Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP), Croatian National Resistance (HNO)[3] and Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood (HRB).[4]
From 1969 to 1973, the operations of the Ustaše increased dramatically both in their number and in their violence. This coincided with the advent of the Croatian Spring, a widespread movement within Yugoslavia for Croatian autonomy. A total of around 60 attacks were attributed to the Ustaše movement in Australia during this time period.[5][4] Violence included executions[6][7] and bombings.[4] Bombing targets included the Yugoslav and USSR embassies in Canberra, Yugoslav travel agencies, cinemas displaying Yugoslav films, and various Serbian orthodox churches.[8][4]
The Bombing
edit
On the morning of 16 September 1972, two Yugoslav travel agencies were bombed in George Street in Haymarket at the end of the Sydney central business district. The first blast injured 16 people, three of them were critically injured. The second bomb blast injured none.[9][10]
The New South Wales Police raided a number of Croatian homes in Sydney[9] which resulted in the arrest of Ljubomir Vuina and Anjelko Marić (Angelo Marie). Ljubomir Vuina, was charged and remanded on bail with threatening to destroy other Yugoslav travel agencies. Marić admitted to making the bombs but not placing them.[4][11] Marić was arrested at the Fremantle home of Stjepan Brbić, a wartime Ustaša member who had replaced Srećko Rover as the Croatian National Resistance (HNO) leader in Australia. Brbić had previously established a Vjekoslav Luburić Society in Sydney and was believed to be the main organiser for the George Street bombings.[3] In 1976, Anjelko Marić was convicted of the bombings and sentenced to 16 years jail.[12] This conviction though was soon quashed in the High Court two years later after the trial was ruled miscarried because certain evidence had been wrongly admitted.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Abjorensen, Norman, and James C. Docherty. Historical Dictionary of Australia. Rowman and Littlefield. 2014. Page 355.
- ^ Democratic Oversight of Intelligence Services. Daniel Baldino ed. Federation Press. 2010. Page 40.
- ^ a b "Stefan Brbic NAA: A6980, S203444". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Campion, Kristy (2018). "The Ustaša in Australia: A Review of Right-Wing Ustaša Terrorism from 1963-1973, and Factors that Enable their Endurance" (PDF). Salus. 6 (2): 37–58. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ Cottle, Drew; Keys, Angela (2023). Histories of Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australia, Chapter 7: Fascism in exile: Ustasha-linked organisations in Australia. New York: Routledge. pp. 115–139. ISBN 9780367638139.
- ^ "THE Day of the Jugoslavist – 1969 Yugoslav assassination in Australia". Alternate Comms. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ "Ustashi hand in double murder?". Tribune. No. 1600. New South Wales, Australia. 26 March 1969. p. 3. Retrieved 20 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Ustasha is blamed for much violence". The Canberra Times. Vol. 47, no. 13, 231. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 18 September 1972. p. 7. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b Richards, Eric. "White Australia dismantled: the 1970s." Destination Australia: Migration to Australia Since 1901. UNSW Press. 2008. Page 265.
- ^ "Yugoslav envoy to protest on bombs". The Canberra Times. Vol. 47, no. 13, 231. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 18 September 1972. p. 1. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Bombing charges". The Canberra Times. Vol. 48, no. 13, 761. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 21 May 1974. p. 8. Retrieved 5 March 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "16 years' jail for bombing offences". The Canberra Times. Vol. 51, no. 14, 549. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 4 December 1976. p. 16. Retrieved 5 March 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Conviction on bomb counts set aside". The Canberra Times. Vol. 52, no. 15, 662. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 9 August 1978. p. 9. Retrieved 5 March 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
