Symphyotrichum eulae (formerly Aster eulae) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae endemic to Texas. The common names Eula's aster and Texas aster have been used. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 5 to 150 centimeters (2 to 59 inches) in height. Its flowers have usually white to bluish or lavender-white ray florets and yellow then reddish to brown disk florets. It was named for Eula Whitehouse, American botanist, botanical illustrator, and plant collector.
| Symphyotrichum eulae | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Symphyotrichum |
| Section: | Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum |
| Species: | S. eulae
|
| Binomial name | |
| Symphyotrichum eulae | |
| |
| Endemic to Texas[3][4][a] | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Description
editS. eulae is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights between 5 and 150 centimeters (2 and 59 inches). It grows from a long and thick rhizome and forms colonies of plants that each have one to three or more erect, straight, and stout glabrous (hairless) stems. Its flowers have usually white to bluish or lavender-white ray florets and yellow then reddish to brown disk florets.[6]
Chromosomes
editIt has a monoploid number (also called base number) of eight chromosomes (x = 8). The species is hexaploid with six sets of the chromosomes for a total chromosome count of 48.[6]
Taxonomy
editEtymology
editThe plant was named by Shinners for Eula Whitehouse, American botanist, botanical illustrator, and plant collector.[7] The common names Eula's aster[6] and Texas aster have been used.[4]
Classification
editSymphyotrichum eulae is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum, section Symphyotrichum, subsection Dumosi.[8] It is one of the "bushy asters and relatives."[9] Its basionym (original scientific name) is Aster eulae,[10] and its name with author citations is Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom.[2] Botanist Lloyd Herbert Shinners described the species in 1950, classifying it within the genus Aster.[11][12]
-
Symphyotrichum
subg. Symphyotrichumsect. Conyzopsis[ref 2]: 271sect. Occidentales[ref 2]: 271sect. Turbinelli[ref 1]: 133sect. Symphyotrichum[ref 2]: 268Cladogram references
- ^ a b c d e Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.
- ^ a b c d e Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Distribution and habitat
editSymphyotrichum eulae is endemic to Texas. Shinners reported that it had been found in the Texas counties of Bexar, Calhoun, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Hill, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise, and Wood.[3] In his protologue for the species, he said that it was "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties".[13]
The species is found in semi-shaded clay or sandy clay soils[13] at elevations up to 100 meters (330 feet).[6]
Conservation
editAs of January 2023[update], NatureServe listed Symphyotrichum eulae as Apparently Secure (G4) globally and the same (S4) in Texas. Data was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Wildlife Diversity Branch. The global status of S. eulae was last reviewed by NatureServe on 1 February 1994.[1]
Notes
edit- ^ This is a county map of east central Texas showing the range of S. eulae as described by Lloyd Herbert Shinners. Darker green shaded counties were in Shinners' 1950 protologue of Aster eulae. Lighter green shaded counties are within the area covered by Shinners' description. Darker green counties are, alphabetically, as follows: Bexar, Calhoun, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Hill, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise, and Wood.[3] The following counties are shaded lighter green because they are within Shinners' range but are not specifically named by him: Anderson, Austin, Bastrop, Bell, Bosque, Brazos, Burleson, Caldwell, Collin, Colorado, Comal, Coryell, DeWitt, Ellis, Falls, Fayette, Freestone, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Hays, Henderson, Hood, Jack, Johnson, Karnes, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Madison, McLennan, Milam, Parker, Rains, Robertson, Smith, Somervell, Travis, Van Zandt, Victoria, Waller, and Washington. Williamson, and Wilson.[5] Only McLennan County is green on the S. eulae page in the USDA PLANTS database.[4]
Citations
edit- ^ a b NatureServe (2023).
- ^ a b c POWO (2023).
- ^ a b c Shinners (1950), pp. 36, 37, 38.
- ^ a b c USDA, NRCS (2014).
- ^ Shinners (1950), p. 36: "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties".
- ^ a b c d Brouillet et al. (2006).
- ^ Shinners (1950), p. 37.
- ^ Semple (2021b).
- ^ Semple (n.d.).
- ^ IPNI (2022b).
- ^ Shinners (1950), p. 35.
- ^ IPNI (2022a).
- ^ a b Shinners (1950), p. 36.
References
edit- Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006). "Symphyotrichum eulae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 July 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- IPNI (2022a). "Aster eulae Shinners, Field & Lab. 18: 35 (1950)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- IPNI (2022b). "Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 281 (1995)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- NatureServe (6 January 2023). "Symphyotrichum eulae Eula's American-aster". explorer.natureserve.org. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
- POWO (2023). "Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
- Semple, J.C. (n.d.). "Symphyotrichum subsect. Dumosi: Bushy Asters and Relatives". www.uwaterloo.ca. Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- Semple, J.C. (27 April 2021a). "An overview of "asters" and the Tribe Astereae". www.uwaterloo.ca. Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- Semple, J.C. (17 May 2021b). "Classification of Symphyotrichum in the restricted sense". www.uwaterloo.ca. Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- Shinners, L.H. (1 January 1950). "Notes on Texas Compositae – V". Field & Laboratory. 18 (1). University Park, Texas: Southern Methodist University: 32–42. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- USDA, NRCS (2014). "Symphyotrichum eulae". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 October 2022.