When realizing pipeline forwarding[1] a predefined schedule for forwarding a pre-allocated amount of bytes during one or more time frames along a path of subsequent switches establishes a synchronous virtual pipe (SVP). The SVP capacity is determined by the total number of bits allocated in every time cycle for the SVP. For example, for a 10 ms time cycle, if 20,000 bits are allocated during each of 2 time frames, the SVP capacity is 4 Mbit/s.
Pipeline forwarding guarantees that reserved traffic, i.e., traveling on an SVP, experiences:
- bounded end-to-end delay,
- delay jitter lower than two TFs, and
- no congestion and resulting losses.
Two implementations of the pipeline forwarding were proposed: time-driven switching (TDS) [2] and time-driven priority (TDP) [3] and can be used to create pipeline forwarding parallel network in the future Internet.[4]
References
edit- ^ Baldi, M.; Marchetto, G.; Ofek, Y. (2007), "A Scalable Solution for Engineering Streaming Traffic in the Future Internet", Computer Networks (COMNET), 51 (14): 4092–4111, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.559.3251, doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2007.04.019[dead link]
- ^ Baldi, M.; Ofek, Y. (2004), "Fractional Lambda Switching - Principles of Operation and Performance Issues" (PDF), SIMULATION: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International, 80 (10): 527–544, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.131.6794, doi:10.1177/0037549704046461, S2CID 2276883
- ^ Li, C.-S.; Ofek, Y.; Yung, M. (1996), "Time-driven priority flow control for real-time heterogeneous internetworking", IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 1996) (PDF), IEEE
- ^ Baldi, M.; Ofek, Y. (2009), "Time for a 'Greener' Internet", 1st International Workshop on Green Communications (GreenComm'09) in conjunction with the IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC 2009) (PDF), IEEE