Synthetoceratinae is an extinct subfamily of Protoceratidae, deer-like herbivorous mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla. They were endemic to North America during the Miocene epoch, living 23.03—3.9 Ma, existing for approximately 19.13 million years.[1][failed verification]

Synthetoceratinae
Temporal range: Miocene
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Protoceratidae
Subfamily: Synthetoceratinae
Frick (1937)

Taxonomy

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Synthetoceratinae was named by Frick (1937). Its type genus is Synthetoceras. It was considered monophyletic by Webb et al. (2003). It was assigned to Protoceratidae by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998),[2] Webb et al. (2003),[3] Hulbert and Whitmore (2006)[4] and Prothero and Ludtke (2007).[5]

Tribes

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Synthetoceratinae contains the tribes Kyptoceratini and Synthetoceratini.[2][3][5]

References

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  1. ^ PaleoBiology Database: Synthetoceratinae, basic info
  2. ^ a b D. R. Prothero. 1998. Protoceratidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America 431-438
  3. ^ a b S. D. Webb, B. L. Beatty, and G. Poinar, Jr. 2003. New evidence of Miocene Protoceratidae including a new species from Chiapas, Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279:348-367
  4. ^ R. C. Hulbert and F. C. Whitmore. 2006. Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla Local Fauna, Alabama. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 46(1):1-28
  5. ^ a b D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Protoceratidae. in D. R. Prothero and S. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls 169-176