Szczypiorno [ʂt͡ʂɨˈpjɔrnɔ] is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Kalisz, Poland, located in its south-western part. Formerly until 1976 a separate village at the outskirts of the city, it is best known as a seat of a World War I and Polish–Soviet War prisoner of war camp and the name-sake for szczypiorniak, the Polish language name for the game of handball.
Szczypiorno | |
|---|---|
Neighbourhood | |
 Park in Szczypiorno | |
  Szczypiorno  Szczypiorno | |
| Coordinates: 51°45′27″N 18°04′48″E / 51.75750°N 18.08000°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| City | Kalisz |
| Within city limits | 1976 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | PK, PA |
Transport
editThe borough is located along the National Road 25 linking Kalisz with Ostrów Wielkopolski. There is a Kalisz Szczypiorno railway station located in the neighbourhood.
History
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As part of the region of Greater Poland, i.e. the cradle of the Polish state, the area formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century. Szczypiorno was a private village of Polish nobility, incl. the Scipierski family,[1] administratively located in the Kalisz County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.[2] In the 19th century Szczypiorno with its garden, forest and restaurants was a popular recreation place for the inhabitants of nearby Kalisz.[3]
During World War I the village housed a German-built prisoner of war camp for soldiers of the Polish Legions following their internment in the aftermath of the so-called Oath crisis. It was there that the internees first started playing a game of handball, that later became popular with the reborn Polish Army and general population. Because of that the game is still commonly referred to as szczypiorniak in Polish.
After World War I the camp remained operational for POWs from Germany and Soviet Russia. As mny as 8,000 Germans were interned for several months. Among the interned was the head of the United Evangelical Church in Poznań, Paul Blau, along with 39 other pastors who were not allowed to travel to Berlin after their release for "political reasons". In July 1919, the church was handed over to the Polish Lutheran Church.[4] Disbanded some time in the early 1920s, it was turned into a Central School of Prison Service, still operational. The 2nd Battalion of the 29th Kaniowski Rifle Regiment of the Polish Army was stationed in Szczypiorno in the interbellum.
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was occupied by Germany and renamed, first to Friedersbrunn and then to Deutschehren, to erase traces of Polish origin. In 1942, the occupiers carried out expulsions of Poles, who were deported to forced labour in Germany and German-annexed Austria, while their houses and farms were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[5]
In 1976 the village was incorporated into the city of Kalisz.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI (in Polish). Warszawa. 1890. p. 874.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 2017. p. 1b.
- ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI, p. 873
- ^ Blanke, Richard. Orphans of Versailles. The Germans in Western Poland 1918-1939. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8131-5633-0.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 331–332. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.
- ^ Rozporządzenie Ministra Administracji, Gospodarki Terenowej i Ochrony Środowiska z dnia 24 czerwca 1976 r. w sprawie zmiany granic niektórych miast w województwach: bielskim, jeleniogórskim, kaliskim, płockim i toruńskim., Dz. U., 1976, vol. 24, No. 144
External links
edit- (in Polish) Szczypiorno in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1890)