TAS2R4

Taste receptor type 2 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R4 gene.

TAS2R4
Identifiers
Aliases	TAS2R4, T2R4, taste 2 receptor member 4
External IDs	OMIM: 604869; MGI: 2681210; HomoloGene: 49480; GeneCards: TAS2R4; OMA:TAS2R4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human) Band 7q34 Start 141,776,674 bp End 141,781,691 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse) Band 6|6 B1 Start 40,470,463 bp End 40,471,475 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad testicle sural nerve buccal mucosa cell cerebellar hemisphere right hemisphere of cerebellum epithelium of colon right uterine tube nucleus accumbens Brodmann area 9 Top expressed in embryo zygote More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled receptor activity taste receptor activity bitter taste receptor activity signal transducer activity Cellular component plasma membrane cell projection cilium ciliary membrane membrane integral component of membrane Biological process response to stimulus detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste sensory perception of taste respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system signal transduction G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 50832 57253 Ensembl ENSG00000127364 ENSMUSG00000037140 UniProt Q9NYW5 Q9JKT3 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_016944 NM_020502 RefSeq (protein) NP_058640 NP_065248 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 141.78 – 141.78 Mb Chr 6: 40.47 – 40.47 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes a member of a family of candidate taste receptors that are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and that are specifically expressed by taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. These apparently intronless genes encode a 7-transmembrane receptor protein, functioning as a bitter taste receptor. This gene is clustered with another 3 candidate taste receptor genes in chromosome 7 and is genetically linked to loci that influence bitter perception. The geographic distribution of TAS2R4 and TAS2R5 missense allele variants which prevent expression of the receptors is aligned with the distributions of tannin sorghum and the destructive agricultural bird pest in Africa, indicating the role of human taste in developing agroecosystems fitting local environments.

Ligands

Ligands listed in BitterDB include quinine, parthenolide, denatonium, some non-sugar sweeteners including sucralose and stevioside, and several oligopeptides.

See also

• Taste receptor

Further reading

• Kinnamon SC (March 2000). "A plethora of taste receptors". Neuron. 25 (3): 507–10. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81054-5. PMID 10774719.
• Margolskee RF (January 2002). "Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.R100054200. PMID 11696554.
• Montmayeur JP, Matsunami H (August 2002). "Receptors for bitter and sweet taste". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 12 (4): 366–71. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8. PMID 12139982. S2CID 37807140.
• Firestein S (April 2000). "The good taste of genomics". Nature. 404 (6778): 552–3. doi:10.1038/35007167. PMID 10766221. S2CID 35741332.
• Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB (April 2000). "A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse". Nature. 404 (6778): 601–4. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..601M. doi:10.1038/35007072. PMID 10766242. S2CID 4336913.
• Ueda T, Ugawa S, Ishida Y, Shibata Y, Murakami S, Shimada S (July 2001). "Identification of coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms in human taste receptor genes involving bitter tasting". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 285 (1): 147–51. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5136. PMID 11437385.
• Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Cook B, Wu D, et al. (February 2003). "Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways". Cell. 112 (3): 293–301. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0. PMID 12581520. S2CID 718601.
• Fischer A, Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S (March 2005). "Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (3): 432–6. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi027. PMID 15496549.
• Go Y, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N (May 2005). "Lineage-specific loss of function of bitter taste receptor genes in humans and nonhuman primates". Genetics. 170 (1): 313–26. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.037523. PMC 1449719. PMID 15744053.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.