Tadaatsu Ishiguro (石黒忠篤, Ishiguro Tadaatsu, 9 January 1884 – 10 March 1960) was a bureaucrat, politician, and cabinet minister in the government of the pre-war Empire of Japan, as well as in post-war Japan.
Tadaatsu Ishiguro 石黒忠篤 | |
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| Born | January 9, 1884 Tokyo, Japan |
| Died | March 10, 1960 (aged 76) |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation(s) | bureaucrat, politician, cabinet minister |
Background
editIshiguro was born in Tokyo. His father, Ishiguro Tadanori was the Commander-in-chief of the medical corps of Imperial Japanese Army, and president of the Japan Red Cross. He graduated from the predecessor to Kagoshima University before obtaining a degree in law from Tokyo Imperial University in 1908. On graduation, he was accepted into the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. Active in literary circles, he was a member of a coterie established by Nitobe Inazō, with Yanagida Kunio as one of its members. In 1914, the ministry sent him to Europe to study agricultural policies, and he rose to the position of chief of the Agricultural Policy Bureau in 1919. In 1924, he turned to agricultural reform by publishing a survey on tenant farming practices and sponsoring a bill for mediation in tenant farmer disputes,[1] and for the creation of medical cooperatives in rural areas.[2] He then served as director of the Silk Bureau. In 1931, he was promoted to undersecretary of Agriculture. However, he retired from the ministry in 1934, subsequently serving as president of a Rural Welfare Association.
However, Ishiguro was selected by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe to become Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in 1940. During this time, he was very active in promoting rural relief measures,[3] and also served as Immigration Association President and Chairman of the Japan Agricultural Research Institute. He also strove to implement agriculture reforms and tenant farmer relief measures to Manchukuo, where many Japanese farmers had resettled.[4] However, Ishiguro was adamantly opposed to the Tripartite Alliance of Japan with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
Ishikugo resigned in 1941, citing illness. His father died the same year, and per the provisions of his father’s will, he did not inherit the kazoku peerage title of viscount held by his father. In January 1943, he was granted a seat in the House of Peers in the Diet of Japan. In 1945, he returned to the cabinet as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce under the Suzuki administration.
In 1946, after the surrender of Japan, as with all members of the prewar and wartime Japanese government, Ishiguro was purged by the American occupation authorities.
Following the occupation of Japan, in 1952 Yoshino successfully ran for a seat from the Shizuoka Prefecture constituency in the House of Councillors of the Diet of Japan. He served on the Research Commission on the post-war Constitution of Japan, as well as president of the National Farmers Federation, director of the National Chamber of Agriculture, and other agricultural-related organizations; however, he refused any key positions in national politics. His promotion of social activism by bureaucrats in the ministry to favor small farmers came to be known as “Ishiguroism” within the Japanese bureaucracy.[5]
References
edit- Johnson, Chalmers. Miti and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy : 1925-1975. Stanford University Press (1982) ISBN 080476560X
- Rodwin, Marc A. Conflicts of Interest and the Future of Medicine . Oxford University Press (2011) ISBN 0199793042
- Waswo, Ann. Farmers and Village Life in 20th Century Japan . Psychology Press (2011) ISBN 0801461332
- Vanoverbeke, Dimitri. Community and State in the Japanese Farm Village. Leuven University Press (2004), ISBN 9058673073