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Talk:IEC 62196

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Latest comment: 14 years ago3 comments2 people in discussion

This is a tricky one to create, the available documents are either lightweight-overviews or designed for electrical engineers, and there are some confusing clashes so one article says it can supply 14kw but my ropey maths based on the IEC own documents says it should be more Back ache (talk) 15:42, 2 June 2010 (UTC)Reply

The first line has a reference given - the referenced article does explicitly state "but it has 7 contacts in total, 3 AC phases and Neutral, with a 63A rating - giving an amazing 43kW maximum charge rate." but the line here speaks of 32A and 22kW. This obviously very bad style - you should not misquote or otherwise make your original research obvious.

By the way, most of the article is copyedit of text from SAE J1772‎ where I had been describing the Mennekes connector. No credit was given. May be it is a good approach to delete this article... Guidod (talk) 11:13, 3 June 2010 (UTC)Reply

I have introduced a section on VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 "VDE-Normstecker für Ladestationen" which I think is the more appropriate way to reference to the automotive plug - the IEC 62196 is shared by all automotive plugs and the geometry of the new automotive plug is not much more than a section in the reference chapter. The outcome of the standardization process in unclear so far - if the Mennekes/VDE proposal goes into the IEC 62196-2/2.0 then it may be correct to have the connector description be in this article. On the other hand it seems the German industry focuses on a big picture with integration of the car charging electronics via the charger wall box into the home automation network from where it can connect via the smart meter to the nationwide utilities. Making future articles to refer to the charging modes of IEC 62196 might be misleading to get an overview of the next generation electric vehicle network elements. Guidod (talk) 13:05, 22 July 2010 (UTC)Reply

It is not a good idea to delete this

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Latest comment: 14 years ago3 comments2 people in discussion

This article is an attempt to help unravel the confusion over charging electric vehicles.

The existing articles on the internet and on wikipedia are either light on detail or designed for electrical engineers.

The article is based on earlier research in other articals and as always help on the article is always welcome, however simply deleting it re-creates the gap in wikipedia it was created to fillBack ache (talk) 13:38, 3 June 2010 (UTC)Reply

The only confusion herein is the proposal of the Mennekes connector for inclusion to IEC 62196 Part 2 reference which has led some commentators to believe that Europe's connector for the EV charging grid is "based on European IEC 62196-2 plugs". That is largely misleading and any impression of an identity of IEC 62196-2 and the Menneke connector is rather untrue.
Starting a IEC 62196 article is a good thing but it should concentrate on the "Modes" defined in Part-1 as those are the real important thing. They have been used across all connector types for EV charging so far and any new charging mode will probably be referenced in this standard as well. The definitions of charging levels (Level 1, 2, and 3 charging) are mostly based on the charging modes designations in IEC 62196-1. - Guidod (talk) 23:38, 3 June 2010 (UTC)Reply

I think there are three things left to do with this article, some images are needed, that the mennekes connector has be become synonymous in the press's eye with 62196 and that most of the documents out there refer to handling 63amp three phase rather than the 32amps in the mode section of this artical Back ache (talk) 08:56, 28 June 2010 (UTC)Reply

Photo

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Latest comment: 14 years ago8 comments2 people in discussion

It would be great to get a picture or two we could use

I think

http://www.mennekes.de/web/imageid?BINARYID=binary%2Fimage%2FmenP-48430935%3A1233acc6ca1%3A1809%2Fimage%2Fjpeg%2F

http://www.mennekes.de/web/imageid?BINARYID=binary%2Fimage%2FmenP-48430935%3A1233acc6ca1%3A1800%2Fimage%2Fjpeg%2F

http://www.mennekes.de/web/imageid?BINARYID=binary%2Fimage%2FmenP494bae06%3A12401548126%3A-3405%2Fimage%2Fjpeg%2F

would be good, I will ask for their permission Back ache (talk) 08:57, 8 June 2010 (UTC)Reply

I'd more like to see the CEEplus sockets as used in the Berlin charging tests. The reference list in the internet database calls them "CEEplus" but one can assume that they are not the larger traditional CEEform industrial sockets but the new and smaller Mennekes automotive sockets. The pictures I have seen so far were inconclusive - and the charging stations are locked by a cover unless one can authorize a charging process with an RFID card. Guidod (talk) 11:21, 10 June 2010 (UTC)Reply
I have had no reply from them about my request to us the images, unfortunately most articles on the web are reusing those same images, so there is no obvious alternative place to get them from, I will keep looking thoughBack ache (talk) 09:11, 28 June 2010 (UTC)Reply
I found one in an article that referred back to a photo on flickr which as luckily CC-BY. Guidod (talk) 15:35, 22 July 2010 (UTC)Reply
Nice work, that is the perfect image. Back ache (talk) 08:40, 27 July 2010 (UTC)Reply

CEEplus or VDE plug

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This picture is showing a RWE-Mobility.com charging station - the socket type is clearly a traditional "large" CEEform one with the additional signal pins developed by Mennekes for their pre-Daimler CEEplus connector series. It's NOT the "smaller" automotive plug presented at fairs to the government officials. (Note to self - it's a mid-2009 picture so it might not reflect the current station design). Guidod (talk) 19:13, 21 July 2010 (UTC)Reply

Looking over discussion boards around the web it seems that RWE is really using CEEplus sockets. This conclusion comes from descriptions that normal CEEform three-phase plugs can be used to hook into the RWE station outlets but the charging process will not start because the normal plugs are missing the pilot pin / control pin pair to identify the car. Instead one can call a hotline that will remotely initiate the charging process. Additionally RWE offers converter cables - in terms of IEC 62196 it means to short-circuit the pilot pin to let the charging station identify a car presence (allows for Mode 1 charging at 16 A), possibly one can even short-circuit the control pin (allows for Mode 2 charging at 32 A). Guidod (talk) 14:54, 22 July 2010 (UTC)Reply
As for the price: CEEplus sockets are in the same price range as the VDE plugs (200 Euro). Classic CEEform plugs are far cheaper (50 Euro). Guidod (talk) 14:50, 26 July 2010 (UTC)Reply

EV Plug Alliance

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/challengebibendum/5050085399/

charging power

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Latest comment: 14 years ago1 comment1 person in discussion

http://www.elektro-profi.net/artikel/ep_Strom_macht_mobil_779840.html (06/2009) interview with Hans Kalthoff, managing director of www.walther-werke.de and member of the IEC SC 23H committee on „Industrial plugs and socket-outlets“:

  • Die Einspeisung des Ladestroms wird 1- bis 3-phasig und mit Stromstärken von 16 bis 63 A erfolgen. Die 1-phasige Ladung mit 16 A ergibt 3,7  kW, die 3-phasige mit 16 A etwa 11 kW pro Stunde. Wer mit 32 oder 63 A lädt, kommt auf etwa 22 kW beziehungsweise über 43,5 kW pro Stunde.
    • the charging current will be ... 16A/230V/1p = 3.7kW; 16A/400V/3p = 11kW; 32A/400V/3p = 22kW; 63A/400V/3p = 43.5kW;
  • Die Automobilhersteller werden in den nächsten Jahren noch so genannte Mode-2-Ladekabel mitliefern, die auf einer Seite einen Schuko- oder CEE-Stecker haben. Danach wird es Mode-3-Kabel geben, mit dem neuen Steckgesicht und einer automatischen Ladeverriegelung auf beiden Seiten. [..] Da in Gebäuden in der Regel 3-phasig mit 63 A eingespeist wird, kann man dem Kunden anbieten, ihm eine Leitung vom Hauptverteiler in die Garage zu legen. Im öffentlichen Bereich werden viele Leitungen für 63 und 125 A verlegt und tausende von Ladestromsäulen angeschlossen werden
    • i.e. car makers will only sell connectors for mode-2 charging in the first years usually using Schuko plugs (single-phase 230V in Germany) or CEEform plugs (three-phase 400V in Germany). Buildings (in Germany) are usually connected with three-phase 63A so that it is easy to connect the garage to the main access point. In public spaces most lines run 63 or 125 A allowing for thousands of charging points to be connected.

Guidod (talk) 12:24, 22 July 2010 (UTC)Reply

signalisation protocol

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Scame Plug

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Latest comment: 14 years ago5 comments1 person in discussion

Here is the original material:

(a) foundation [1]28 March 2010 "chneider Electric, Legrand and Scame Create EV Plug Alliance"
Schneider Electric, Legrand and Scame are forming the EV Plug Alliance to promote the use of a high safety plug and socket solution for Electric Vehicle charge infrastructure.
The rapid adoption of a European standard for Electric Vehicle infrastructure plugs that meets the existing security levels required for installation in homes and buildings at an optimized cost is a key factor to develop the nascent Electric Vehicle market, the companies say. The Alliance aims to provide a label that guarantees full compliance with the Type 3 of the IEC standard for plug & socket in finalization.
The plug endorsed by the Alliance will ensure compatibility between multiple suppliers’ products. Charge at a power up to 24 kW, in mono or three phase installations will allow charging electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. It will offer the highest level of safety with the use of shutters to protect against accidental touch of electric parts.

The EV Plug Alliance is open to any new member, and our first challenge is to gather as many actors concerned as possible. The more we enlarge the Alliance, the more chances we will have to create an eco-system with one strong standard, easing development of solutions and practical applications to revolutionize the electric vehicle charge.

— —Statement from the three co-founders
The first products labeled by the EV Plug Alliance are planned to be available at the end of second quarter 2010.
(b) extension 31/05/2010 [2] "EV Plug Alliance announces new members"
Paris (France) May,31, 2010 - The EV Plug Alliance announced today the joining of Gewiss, Marechal Electric, Radiall, Vimar, Weidmüller France & Yazaki Europe. Established end march 2010 by Schneider Electric, Legrand & Scame, the EV Plug Alliance aims to promote the use of a high safety plug and socket solution for Electric Vehicle charge infrastructure.
This first extension of the EV Plug Alliance with members from several countries and various business backgrounds confirms the validity of the proposal made by the Alliance to rapidly converge towards a standardized solution to connect Electric Vehicles in Europe. New members will contribute to the creation of an eco-system with one strong standard, accelerating development and adoption of solutions and practical applications to revolutionize the Electric Vehicle charge.
On May 10, 2010, already, Gimélec¹ announced its support to the EV Plug Alliance, explaining this proposal of convergence reconciles the interests of all participants, users and manufacturers thus allowing the best usage of technologies offered by the different European companies, in full compliance with applicable norms and standards in Europe.
Installed on the infrastructure side, the plug and socket system endorsed by the Alliance will ensure compatibility between multiple suppliers' products. Charge at a power up to 24 kW, in mono or three phase installations, will allow charging electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. It will offer the highest level of safety with the use of shutters to protect against accidental touch of electric parts and is fully compliant with the IEC standard for plug & socket in finalization.
The first products labeled by the EV Plug Alliance are planned to be available at the end of second quarter 2010.

Interestingly, Yazaki has joined the Scame Alliance - perhaps a move to counter the Mennekes connector impact? Guidod (talk) 19:44, 14 August 2010 (UTC)Reply

In an interview in late 2009 [3] Mennekes' marketing director Burkhard Rarbach mentioned already that the Italian company Scame does also apply for providing EV plugs. However he mentions that the historic Scame-Plugs were mutually incompatible (editor's note: probably similar to CEEform plugs?). Likewise he thinks that the Yazaki plugin is technically inferior (editor's note: probably because it can not support three-phase currents). Last not least he expects a decision on the real EV plug to be in early 2011. Guidod (talk) 21:28, 14 August 2010 (UTC)Reply
On another note: some dicussions about the Scame plug seem to be from the IEC 62196 structure which has three socket types. The Scame plug is type 3 and it will stand out because it has a higher security handling - Scame points out that higher current (63A and beyond) should not be connected by Average Joe anyway. So it is proposed that the car side connector and the charger side connector to be different - unlike the VDE/Mennekes proposal. The car side socket should be ready for 63A currents but the car driver does not need a cable for that - a fast-charge cable would be connected to the fast-charge station only. Effectively it matches with the current SAE/Yazaki setup where the plug is permanently connected to the charger station allowing it take the dimensional parameters matching just the currents provided by that station. Standardizing only the car side plug reduces the whole package by a cost factor - a VDE/Mennekes charger cable has 2 plugs obviously. The Mennekes CEEplus plugs do currently sell for 80-100 Euro so that the automotive charger cable can hardly get below 200 Euro. Each Mennekes CEEplus socket sells for 110-140 Euro which is another cost factor especially for a level-2 (say 32A) home charger wallbox. On the other hand, a cable hanging from a station is an obvious target to vandalism and other problems - the Yazaki connector has been designed to be very sturdy to withstand a car rolling over the plug lying on the floor. So this is where Yazaki comes into the club - imagine a cable with a Yazaki plug on the car side and a Scame plug on the charger side. The Scame socket is child-safe and as such a good choice for the home garage with a 32A outlet while at a fast charge "tank stop" it would not be needed at all.
While these arguments sound nice and valid, there hasn't been much of a problem with the CEEform plugs of higher current in the past and the IEC 62196 protocol mandates that no socket may have a power connected live beyond 16A unless a pilot sense pin says there is a car attached. Unless one wants to argue with a POV angle one has to wait for more lab tests, field tests and committee decisions. Guidod (talk) 21:28, 14 August 2010 (UTC)Reply

SCAME LIBERA Series

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The SCAME Libera series seems to be the predecessor of the new automative plug - it is specifically designed for EV charging but it has only a single-phase connection. See [4] page 172-177

GENERAL
Electric vehicles mean end of air pollution and improvement of quality of life. Tomorrow's vehicles - electrically powered cars, motorcycles, bicycles with aided pedal stroke - are becoming an increasing reality, also thanks to Scame, a company that always believed that dreams could become true. Facing this challenge, Scame designed new connectors for vehicles and supply stations, enabling supply from specific columns or from the home garage. The outcome is the LIBERA Series of adapters, plugs, movable and flush sockets, complying with the evolution of the standards promoted by CIVES - the Italian Commission for Electric Road Vehicles -, which are becoming actual reference standards

RECHARGE OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES
During the nineties, the development of electric vehicles remained at experimental level; however, the increasing environmental pollution and the funds provided both by the European Union and the various Governments aimed at reducing harmful emissions in the environment, will increasingly spread the use of this means of transportation. The introduction of electric vehicles involves the availability of places and sources of power supply, where the vehicle can be connected to the power distribution plant. Depending upon the place where recharge columns will be installed, be they private places with access allowed only to authorized staff, or public places where access is allowed to everybody, the supply of electric power could be or not subject to payment. This could be made for instance by charging the amount of the power withdrawn to the credit card, as it happens with normal vehicles at fuel stations.

According to draft European Standard ENV 50275, there are four different method to recharge electric vehicles, depending upon the type of connection chosen:

Recharge method no. 1:
Connection of the electric vehicle to the a.c. mains - mains side - by means of single-or three-phase standard plugs and using the phase/s, the neutral and the protection conductor. Standard plugs, mains side, are those complying with the requirements of national and international standards.

Recharge method no. 2:
Connection of the electric vehicle to the a.c. mains - mains side - by means of single-or three-phase standard plugs using the phase/s, the neutral and the protection conductor. with the addition of control functions between the electric vehicle and the plug or the control box as specified at item 6.4. The control box shall be mounted on the cable at a distance of no more than 0.3 mt from the plug or from the EAVE.

Recharge method no. 3:
Direct connection of the electric vehicle to the a.c. mains by means of dedicated supply equipment, where the control functions specified at item 6.4 are extended to the portion of equipment permanently connected to the a.c. mains.

Recharge method no. 4:
Indirect connection of the electric vehicle to the a.c. mains by means of an outboard battery charger, where the control functions specified at item 6.4 are extended to the portion of equipment permanently connected to the a.c. mains.

The above mentioned standard indicates specific requirements, which may be either compulsory or optional, for each of the above recharge method. Italian manufacturers of electric vehicles decided not to use recharge method no. 1, because it does not provide any control on the soundness of the protection circuit before supplying power to the vehicles, which might result into safety problems for the user. In view of this concern, the IEC has requested a special condition of use; as a consequence, ENV 50275 specifies that recharge method no. 1 should not be used in Italy.

TECHNICAL FEATURES
Complying with the above indications, SCAME has realized, in collaboration with the manufacturers of electric vehicles, a connection system consisting of a stationary socket, a movable plug and a movable socket, with the following features:

  • rated current: 16A
  • rated voltage: 230V
  • number of poles 2 + ground +1 back-up terminal
  • protection degree: IP44
  • high mechanical strength
  • protection against direct contact by means of protection guards (same as for domestic plugs).

The decision to design a connector which is not compatible with existing plugs is based on the following safety considerations:

a) electric vehicles, in general, have the battery charger on board, to enable recharge from different sources, without any dedicated equipment. Battery chargers include semiconductor devices to rectify the electric current; in case of failure, these may generate fault currents whose wave shape is influenced by direct current elements. Such d.c. elements are detected in a different way by the various types of differential devices used in the electric systems, namely:

  • AC differentials, which are used the most in domestic applications, are not able to detect unidirectional currents and currents influenced by the d.c. elements of the fault current.;
  • type A differentials are able to detect sinusoidal fault currents, unidirectional fault currents and currents influenced by d.c. elements of the fault current up to 6 mA;
  • type B differentials are able to detect sinusoidal fault currents, unidirectional fault currents, and

fault currents influenced by d.c. elements with no value limit.

The use of a connector which is not compatible with any existing system involves the installation of the new part; it is therefore assumed that the user adopting the new stationary socket takes care also of the proper protection against indirect contacts.

b) the protection of the active pits of the socket by means of guards able to meet IpxxD protection degree is essential , especially when these sockets are installed in rooms for domestic use; actually in this case the control on the continuity of the grounding system may be neglected and consequently pits could remain always active. The protection of active pits with proper guards not only provides the control on the continuity of the grounding system where required, but assures that no solid foreign matter is introduced into the seat of active pits.

These new connectors will be used first in some public areas for the recharge of motorcycles, which have been arranged in Rome on the occasion of the Jubilee.

The manufacturers, installers and users of electric vehicles will find the new product at electric wholesalers distributing SCAME materials.

The Scame Libera plug has a diameter of 53 mm and the handgrip has 44 mm.

To clarify: Method-1 means simple cable with no control function (works up to 16A according to IEC62196), Method-2 means a cable with builtin wiring mimicing a control function (works up to 32A according to IEC62196), Method-3 means the control function is performed by the vehicle, Method-4 means a connector box in the middle is used to perform the control function.
Note that the Libera Plug does not use the 2 pins of IEC62196 but it has only 1 "backup pin". In [5] it is explictly described to be the Pilot pin

PILOT
The indispensable safety during the conductive recharge of the eletric road vehicles is assured by the use of plug and socket outlet provided of back up terminal (pilot) in addition to the active and protection poles. The back up terminal allow to make a control pilot circuit with the following functions:

  • verification that the vehicle is properly connected;
  • continuous protective earth conductor integrity checking;
  • energization of the system;
  • de-energization of the system.
Since it can not provide more than a presency function it can not get beyond 32A as per IEC62196. Addtionally the above document describes the "SAFE-IN" safety devices which is actually a shutter that covers the live pins unless a socket is put it. Since that is similar to the shutter for household plugs one can imagine that one could add such a shutter to other plugs if some standard committee would require such a thing. For some installation types the presency function is even dropped - since there is a shutter it is deemed sufficient for domestic use even when the pins stay live all time (should be impossible beyond 16A according to IEC62196).
HTH, cheers, Guidod (talk) 01:25, 15 August 2010 (UTC)Reply

article restructuring

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Latest comment: 14 years ago3 comments2 people in discussion

It's great people have documented this electric plug standard, but the article needs cleanup.

Done

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To Do

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  • Someone put three references to a PDF from Dutch http://e-laad.nl "tweede" seminar in the article, but it's a dead link. I figured out which one of them was, but the other two remain mysteries.
  • One or more of the VDE and DKE references is to a general page on electric vehicle connectors, but I think it no longer says what it used to. And it's in German! Maybe needs to have an archiveurl or a better ref.
  • Rewrite for clarity and brevity. This is a reference article about a standard in ongoing development. It's not a history of proposals relating to it.
  • Clearly separate part 1 (modes), part 2 (connector), and proposals for part 2.

-- Skierpage (talk) 23:56, 2 September 2010 (UTC)Reply

I had found the "tweede seminar" by googling. Sorry if it has been taken off the internet in the meantime. It was really enlighting to see that they were in fact evaluating three different plug types - most of the other press releases say something alike that "their plug type" has almost won the evaluation process anyway. Wrong.
The general page on on electric vehicle connectors at the DKE is useful from a different view angle - in that the US and EU approach on standardization is remarkbly different. In the EU the big utility companies try to advance the smart grid process alongside of EV networks and the vehicle chargers are just a very little element in the whole process. You are right - may be this article is not the right place to hint the reader on that.
"clarity and brevity" is hard to achieve at the moment - the whole car industry is in a kind of swirl under the pressure of a kind of "revolution of mobility". I think we have achieved a good result so far but surely a new pair of eyes can easily identify some rough edges that the existing authors have no good chance to see.
About restructuring into a new section on connectors - well, I accede that one should move plug types the below the part-1 modes section since the original intent of the standard IEC 62196 is on the charging process. Plug types are just in part 2 and even there the specs are just mentioned in the annex. The reason of having longer sections on the plug types is for the importance of the proposals in discussions all around - since it is still unclear whether one of them will be chosen for large EV networks I think it is not justified to make up a seperate article on any of the plugs explaining the details in full length as it has been done for SAE J1772.
Just remember however - SAE J1772 was done first and it is recommended by US car makers but it does not mean it will be the prevailing standard. Other industries - even beyond car makers - have found an interest in the topic as well and their idea might be much different from what was chosen so early on a "small board". Guidod (talk) 12:31, 3 September 2010 (UTC)Reply

Plug Types Section

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I have moved forward to put up a "Plug Types" section. Since sections were moved around it does not read as nicely as before. Any proposal to advance on the section? Guidod (talk) 13:07, 3 September 2010 (UTC)Reply

AC/DC Combo Coupler

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Latest comment: 12 years ago4 comments1 person in discussion

Here's a presentation showing the charging modes for the Type 2 Combo Connector:

Sadly I did not find a primary reference for that from one of the many creators/supporters of the Combo proposal. Guidod (talk) 22:12, 3 January 2012 (UTC)Reply

check

The SAE J1772 Update for IWC PHEV WG - DC Fast Charge Stanardization (page 87, March 2011) does also give a reference on 200 A DC pins. Probably the 80 A spec for single-phase is bowing to the SAE / CARB Level 1, 2, and 3 charging spec - in other words, the European standards will give a 70 A maximum while Mennekes says it is safe for the American 80 A as well.
So far I have found few extra references: in the German VDE magazin "ETZ" there is an article Kabelsysteme für die Mobilität von morgen that has again 70 A for the DC 2-pin solution. It quotes LAPP which is a German cable manufacturer. The company "Phoenix Conctact" (atleast 50% German) has some nice pictures in E-Mobility AC and DC connectors for charging stations and eletric vehicles that shows 70 A single-phase AC up to 480 V and the extra DC pins to be designed for 200 Ampere DC up to 850 Volt. Also an update "Current Status of the Combined Charging System (V1.2)" from the German "Coordination Office Charging Interface" as of November 2011 shows a "70A DC" designation.
  • Summarizing the references let's draw the following map for the electricity ranges of the Combo Coupler (Type 1 or Type 2):
    • AC 1-phase - max 70 A 480 V (EU) / 80 A 500 V (US)
    • AC 3-phase - max 63 A 480 V (EU / Type 2 only)
    • DC 2-pin - max 70 A 480 V (EU) / 80 A 500 V (US)
    • DC 4-pin - max 140 A 500 V (Mennekes proposal / Type 2 only)
    • DC extra pins - 200 A 850 V (EU and US joint specification)
That's probably the current state of discussions. Guidod (talk) 04:07, 4 January 2012 (UTC)Reply

Last Status Update from the SAE working group (14 December 2011):

  • Combo 1 connectors ready for testing in December 2011 (REMA) and January 2012 (KET).
  • China indicates to drop the CAN-based approach - at least from usage with the Type 2 AC charging that was incompatible with the Type 2 control pilot 61851-1 function as used in the EU.
  • Voting on DC charging protocols starts in 1Q2012

Note that meetings on a 2 weeks cycle is pretty intense for a standardization effort. That gives a good margin to have the First Draft of IEC 62196-3 on 2012-06-30 to be good enough for production. Guidod (talk) 07:29, 4 January 2012 (UTC)Reply

By the way, one Chinese document says that their domestic dedicated DC charger (incompatible with everything except for reusing a CAN approach from the Chademo stations) is rated at 250 A. I guess that the same number in the ForoChocesElectricos table is based on that information but it's plain wrong in the context of the EU/US Combo Coupler - all the native references point to a 200 A design from day one. Guidod (talk) 14:57, 4 January 2012 (UTC)Reply

evplugalliance.org is offline

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Latest comment: 11 years ago1 comment1 person in discussion

The web.archive.org indicates that the last successful crawl was on 9. March 2013 and the two next crawls on 31. May and 6. June show the page rendering a plain 404. This happens to continue to this date. Consequently one may suggest that the site is offline atleast since May 2013. From my point of view, the EV-Plug-Alliance office has been closed and nobody cares anymore. Fini. Guidod (talk) 00:52, 4 July 2013 (UTC)Reply

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion:

Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:51, 13 July 2019 (UTC)Reply

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