Talk:Immunologic adjuvant
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Add a potential medical complication?
editThe article on adjuvant AS03 mentions that a possible association with narcolepsy has been observed in vaccinated populations in Europe. Worth mentioning? Jdrum00 (talk) 20:38, 17 October 2013 (UTC)
Possible review ref
editCurrent Adjuvants and New Perspectives in Vaccine Formulation. 2011 ? - Rod57 (talk) 19:46, 31 October 2015 (UTC)
Merge proposal
editI suggest that Adjuvant be merged into this page, as that page is almost entirely discussing immunological adjuvants and makes only a passing reference to pharmacological ones - which could be linked at the top of this page like adjuvant therapy is. Chalky 03:08, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
- Agree that the content should be merged. "Adjuvant" can also be used to refer to chemotherapy, so the page adjuvant would be better if converted to a disambiguation page. --Tom (LT) (talk) 23:41, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
- Agree - Also, both the adjective and noun forms of "adjuvant" have a more general meaning in medicine, for example: "adjuvant, n. - a medical or surgical treatment that is supplementary to another."[1] - Mark D Worthen PsyD (talk) [he/his/him] 18:52, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
- Agree, seems the same to me too. What is the best name for the article? --Akrasia25 (talk) 02:22, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
References
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2011), https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/2502
Merging
editMost of the material from Adjuvant is included now. Not sure about the following paragraphs; I'll put them here until I have time for a closer look:
Adjuvants may also be used to enhance the efficacy of a vaccine by helping to modify the immune response in particular types of immune system cells: for example, by activating T cells instead of antibody-secreting B cells depending on the purpose of the vaccine.[1][2] Adjuvants are also used in the production of antibodies from immunized animals. There are different classes of adjuvants that can affect the immune response in different ways, but the most commonly used adjuvants include aluminium hydroxide and paraffin oil.[1][2]
Immunologic adjuvants are added to vaccines to stimulate the immune system's response to the target antigen, but do not provide immunity themselves. Adjuvants can act in various ways in presenting an antigen to the immune system. Adjuvants can act as a depot for the antigen, presenting the antigen over a longer period of time, thus maximizing the immune response before the body clears the antigen. Examples of depot type adjuvants are oil emulsions. An adjuvant can also act as an irritant, which engages and amplifies the body's immune response.[3] A tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (DPT) vaccine, for example, contains small quantities of inactivated toxins produced by each of the target bacteria, but also contains some aluminium hydroxide.[4] Such aluminium salts are common adjuvants in vaccines sold in the United States and have been used in vaccines for more than 70 years.[5]
- ^ a b "ABC News: Swine Flu Vaccine: What The Heck Is an Adjuvant, Anyway? (2009)". Abcnews.go.com. 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ^ a b "Definition of immunological adjuvant -- NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". www.cancer.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
- ^ "Adjuvants as stabilizing agents". Benchmark Biolabs, Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-09-01. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
- ^ "Boostrix Prescribing Information" (pdf). GlaxoSmithKline. 2009. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
- ^ Clapp, Tanya; Siebert, Paul; Chen, Dexiang; Jones Braun, Latoya (2011). "Vaccines with aluminium-containing adjuvants: Optimizing vaccine efficacy and thermal stability". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 100 (2): 388–401. doi:10.1002/jps.22284. PMC 3201794. PMID 20740674.
--ἀνυπόδητος (talk) 10:59, 19 February 2021 (UTC)
Update: I think everything that is relevant and (adequately) sourced is included in this article now. --ἀνυπόδητος (talk) 13:01, 19 February 2021 (UTC)
Aluminium
editFrom Alzheimer's disease#Other hypotheses:
From Immunologic_adjuvant#Humans:
- Aluminium salts used in many human vaccines are regarded as safe by Food and Drugs Administration,[2] although there are multiple studies suggesting the role of aluminium, especially injected highly bioavailable antigen-aluminium complexes when used as adjuvant, in Alzheimer's disease development.[3]
Shouldn't the statements be synchronized? --Error (talk) 16:07, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
References
- ^ a b Lidsky TI (May 2014). "Is the Aluminum Hypothesis dead?". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 56 (5 Suppl): S73–79. doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000063. PMC 4131942. PMID 24806729.
- ^ Baylor NW, Egan W, Richman P (May 2002). "Aluminum salts in vaccines--US perspective". Vaccine. 20 Suppl 3 (Suppl 3): S18–23. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00166-4. PMID 12184360.
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49682395_Aluminum_and_Alzheimer's_Disease_After_a_Century_of_Controversy_Is_there_a_Plausible_Link
Adjuvants in covid-19 vaccines
editAccording to this article, at least the following covid-19 vaccines contain some kind of adjuvants: Pfizer, Moderna, SinoPharm(Aluminum), NovaVax
https://theconversation.com/adjuvants-the-unsung-heroes-of-vaccines-156548
Calcium phosphate
editIf anyone cares, these are review articles that mention its use as an adjuvant.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01334/full#h9
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2017.1244484
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14760584.2017.1355733