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The majority of the article in its current form and its references are based entirely off the section about Intergroup Anxiety in Whitley and Kite's The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination- the first source. I intend to expand the literature beyond the scope of this book and add a section on methods of reducing intergroup anxiety. I hope to rewrite a good deal of the text in order to incorporate my new sources and add details about intergroup anxiety. I will propose my edits section by section:
- I'll reorganize primary causes by negative psychological consequences for the self, negative behavioral consequences for self, negative evaluations from the outgroup, negative evaluations from the ingroup.[1]
- I will add discussion of other contributing causes: identification with ingroup, ethnocentrism. [2]
- I will add more sources for the role of prior relations between the groups[3] and prior personal experiences with members of the outgroup [2] [4] .
- I will also note that contact perceived on an intergroup instead of an interpersonal basis can exacerbate the problem[5]
- I will retitle the Implications section as Outcomes
- I'll rewrite much of the first paragraph to emphasize how anxiety leads to discrimination and stereotyping, and therefore outgroup homogeneity[1] [2]
- I will add a section on how anxiety can lead to exaggerated behaviors, both overly aggressive and overly compensatory, leading to further intergroup misunderstandings[2]
- The next paragraph will be based on the existing one about the self-reinforcing nature of intergroup anxiety. I will add other reasons for this quality, such as lack of attention fueled by anxiety, tendency to seek to terminate the interaction[1] , and a study showing that outgroup initiated interactions are likely to be negatively reviewed[6].
- I'll show one study arguing that one's anxiety can be perceived by the other party, and thus exacerbate tensions[7] , but then present another demonstrating that ingroup members are best at detecting one another's anxiety[8].
- I will add a new section called Anxiety Reduction
- It will begin with the main idea that positive ingroup relations will reduce anxiety and thus limit the negative effects of intergroup anxiety[1] . I will explain that the majority of the studies looking at ways to reduce anxiety focus on methods involving imagining intergroup contact[1], and that this imagination alone can serve to reduce anxiety[9], even in those high in anxiety[10] or ideologically intolerant [11].
- Most of the rhetoric regarding intergroup anxiety reduction is based on topics of Allport's intergroup contact theory[2]. These ideas are supported by other studies emphasizing common ingroup identity[12] , cooperation [13] , self disclosure [14] , and empathy[2] .
- Pettigrew builds on this theory and proposes that the possibility for friendship must also be present in order for contact to be effective[15]
- Institutional and social support is also critical for the overall lessening of intergroup anxiety [5]
Psychstar2014 (talk) 20:00, 16 April 2014 (UTC)
- References and plan looks very good.
- Organization: remember that people hop around in reading Wikipedia articles, so make each little section as independent as you can
- Methods: what kind of research supports these theories? Some sections will need more method details than others, helpful to keep in mind these descriptions: 3 research methods (experiments vs correlation vs descriptive); 2 data-collection (self-report vs observation); 2 research settings (lab vs field)
- Figures and tables: be thoughtful. Wikicommons has lots of pictures that might be useful. You cannot copy directly from journal articles (copyright violation), but you can recreate a figure and then donate it yourself. Greta Munger (talk) 13:58, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
Peer Edits
1. For figures, a flowchart with an example of a specific cause-outcome relationship may be helpful.
2. You have a lot of information planned for each section, so maybe sub-sections within that to break up the information could be useful for organization.
3. I'm not sure if it's in the scope of your article, but it would be interesting to see how intergroup anxiety has changed since the first paper in the 1980's. Has the prevalence or average strength of intergroup anxiety changed with an increase in accessibility to other groups, i.e. more localized diversity and cultural exchange? This could be an interesting figure, as well.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e John Levine and Michael Hogg, ed. (2010). "Intergroup Anxiety". Encyclopedia of Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference. pp. 465–468.
- ^ a b c d e f Roy Baumeister and Kathleen Vohs, ed. (2007). "Intergroup Anxiety". Encyclopedia of Social Psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. pp. 492–493.
- ^ Britt, Thomas (1996). "Intergroup Anxiety: a Person x Situation Approach". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 22 (11): 1177–1188. doi:10.1177/01461672962211008.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Greenland, Katy (1999). "Categorization and intergroup anxiety in contact between British and Japanese nationals". European Journal of Social Psychology. 29 (4): 503–521. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199906)29:4.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Intergroup Relations and Culture". Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Elsevier Science & Technology. 2004.
- ^ Van Zomeren, Martijn (2007). "Testing the Limits of Tolerance: How Intergroup Anxiety Amplifies Negative and Offensive Responses to Out-Group-Initiated Contact". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 33 (12): 1686–1699. doi:10.1177/0146167207307485.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ West, Tessa V. (2009). "Relational Anxiety in Interracial Interactions". Psychological Science. 20 (3): 289–292. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02289.x.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Gray, Heather M. (2008). "An In-Group Advantage in Detecting Intergroup Anxiety". Psychological Science. 19 (12): 1233–1237. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02230.x.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Turner, R. N. (2007). "Imagining Intergroup Contact Can Improve Intergroup Attitudes". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 10 (4): 427–441. doi:10.1177/1368430207081533.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Birtel, M. D. (2012). "Imagining intergroup contact is more cognitively difficult for people higher in intergroup anxiety but this does not detract from its effectiveness". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 15 (6): 744–761. doi:10.1177/1368430212443867.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Hodson, G. (2011). "Do Ideologically Intolerant People Benefit From Intergroup Contact?". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 20 (3): 154–159. doi:10.1177/0963721411409025.
- ^ Riek, B. M. (2010). "Does a common ingroup identity reduce intergroup threat?". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 13 (4): 403–423. doi:10.1177/1368430209346701.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Kuchenbrandt, D. (2013). "Cooperation makes it happen: Imagined intergroup cooperation enhances the positive effects of imagined contact". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 16 (5): 635–647. doi:10.1177/1368430212470172.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Tam, T. (2006). "Intergroup Contact and Grandparent-Grandchild Communication: The Effects of Self-Disclosure on Implicit and Explicit Biases Against Older People". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 9 (3): 413–429. doi:10.1177/1368430206064642.
- ^ Pettigrew, Thomas (1998). "Intergroup Contact Theory". Annual Review of Psychology. 49: 65–85.