Talk:Kansu Braves
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Disclaimers
editOut of curiosity, what's with the disclaimers on several of the pictures: "In this nianhua created by an anonymous artist who did not view the event, the following alleged event is shown"? If the events are merely alleged, say so in the prose and keep the caption simple. LordVetinari 11:06, 16 June 2011 (UTC)
Requesting move to Wuwei Rear Troop
edit
As stated in the info box, the "Kansu Braves" was just a nick name, the official name was Wuwei Rear Troop. There is no reason to use nick name instead of official name as the article title. Arilang talk 13:01, 27 June 2011 (UTC)
Yong(Chinese:勇 English:Braves) was the official name of the local militia, exactly what Muslim Kansu Braves were. Only after they were official recruited into the Imperial Army as the Wuwei Rear Troop, they could then enjoyed the full benefit of the Imperial Army system, including pay and rations. After that, the name was changed changed into Bing (Chinese:兵 English:soldiers), and they were no longer Yong(Chinese:勇 English:Braves), so the name Muslim Kansu Braves is no longer accurate after their recruitment. Wikipedia should not use any name knowing it is an error. Arilang talk 02:23, 2 July 2011 (UTC)
The origins of the Boxer War: a multinational study：Lanxin Xiang
edit248:Dong Fuxiang Army was the Rear Troop. Arilang talk 13:01, 2 July 2011 (UTC)
hunting park
editHelpful links
Hunting park
Attack on foreigners
Langfang
Langfang
Langfang
Langfang
Legations
Temples of Heaven and Agriculture
Theatre scuffle
"tower of defence for China"
"tower of defence for China"
theatre scuffle
Temples of Heaven and Agriculture
http://archive.org/stream/indiscreetletter008256mbp/indiscreetletter008256mbp_djvu.txt
http://www.oocities.org/faskew/Colonial/Glossary/China.htm
http://thebengalclubla.com/tbc_game03.asp
Enver
http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19010710.2.4.aspx
— Preceding unsigned comment added by Mendsetting (talk • contribs) 02:52, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
Summer Palace
07:29, 11 October 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Letrrae (talk • contribs)
Assaulted two British engineers
http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/23837836
p 103 "This unit was a disorderly rabble of about 10,000 men, most of whom were Mohammedans. They were poorly armed ... op.cit., vol. 1, p. 406. had been based on the German system, but some modifications 103 Hundred Days & Boxer Rebellion."
P 240 "... was stationed northeast of Peking, was a disorderly rabble of about 10,000 men, most of whom were Mohammedans, ... Ifian Shih-k'ai and the Pel-vang Arm ? In December, I899, during the Boxer disturbances, Yuan Shih- k'ai was named ..."
Seyeednu (talk) 23:37, 11 November 2012 (UTC)
Page 190
Rajmaan (talk) 20:00, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
- ^ Morse, Hosea Ballou (1918). The International Relations of the Chinese Empire, Volume 3. Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 151. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Reiley, Alan Campbell (1901). Larned, Josephus Nelson (ed.). History for Ready Reference: From the Best Historians, Biographers, and Specialists; Their Own Words in a Complete System of History . Vol. Volume 6 of History for Ready Reference: From the Best Historians, Biographers, and Specialists, Their Own Words in a Complete System of History (revised ed.). C.A. Nichols Company. p. 95. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Mersey (Viscount), Charles Clive Bigham (1901). A Year in China, 1899-1900. Macmillan and Company, limited. p. 177. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Publication, Issue 33. United States. Adjutant-General's Office. Military Information Division. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1901. p. 528. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ United States. Adjutant-General's Office. Military Information Division, p (1901). Publications, Issues 33-34. p. 528. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Slocum, Stephan L'H.; Reichmann, Car; Chaffee, Adna Romanza (1901). Reports on Military Operations in South Africa and China. Vol. Volume 33 of War Department, Adjutant General's Office. Contributor United States. Adjutant-General's Office. Military Information Division. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 528. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Travels Of A Consular Officer In North-West China. CUP Archive. 21 April 2018. p. 110. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ WEALE, B.L. PUTNAM (1907). INDISCREET LETTERS FROM PEKING (YEAR 1919). pp. 36–7. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ BLAND, J.O.P.; BACKHOUSE, E. (1910). CHINA UNDER THE EMPRESS DOWAGER. p. 360. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Backhouse, Sir Edmund; Bland, John Otway Percy (1914). Annals & memoirs of the court of Peking: (from the 16th to the 20th century). W. Heinemann. p. 454. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 113. Contributor Carl Sandburg Collections (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library). Atlantic Monthly Company. 1914. p. 80. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|first2=missing|last2=(help); Missing pipe in:|first2=(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ China Under the Empress Dowager: Being the History of the Life and Times of Tzŭ Hsi. Compiled by John Otway Percy Bland, Sir Edmund Backhouse. J.B. Lippincott. 1911. p. 360. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|first2=missing|last2=(help); Missing pipe in:|first2=(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Weale, B L Putnam (1907). Indiscreet Letters From Peking. Compiled by John Otway Percy Bland, Sir Edmund Backhouse. Dodd Mead And Company. pp. 36–7. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|first2=missing|last2=(help); Missing pipe in:|first2=(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ The Spectator, Volume 87. F.C. Westley. 1902. p. 243. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|first2=missing|last2=(help); Missing pipe in:|first2=(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Fairbank, John King; Twitchett, Denis Crispin, eds. (1980). The Cambridge History of China. Cambridge University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0521220297. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|first2=missing|last2=(help); Missing pipe in:|first2=(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Harris, Lillian Craig (1993). China Considers the Middle East (illustrated ed.). I. B. Tauris. p. 56. ISBN 1850435987. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|first2=missing|last2=(help); Missing pipe in:|first2=(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ The Straits Times. WEDNESDAY 10 July 1901. p. 2 http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19010710.2.4.aspx. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Weale, Bertram Lenox Putnam, ed. (1909). Indiscreet Letters from Peking: Being the Notes of an Eyewitness, which Set Forth in Some Detail, from Day to Day, the Real Story of the Siege and Sack of a Distressed Capital in 1900--the Year of Great Tribulation. Dodd, Mead. p. 29. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ "THE DEFENCE OF 'PEKING. PREPARING TO RESIST EXPEDITION". THE WEST AUSTRALIAN. London. June 15. p. 5. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Powell, Ralph L. (1972). The rise of Chinese military power, 1895-1912 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Kennikat Press. p. 103. ISBN 9780804616454. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Papers on China, Volumes 3-4. Contributors Harvard University. East Asian Research Center, Harvard University. Committee on International and Regional Studies, Harvard University. East Asia Program, Harvard University. Center for East Asian Studies. East Asian Research Center, Harvard University. 1949. p. 240. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ The Moslem World, Volumes 1-3. Contributor Hartford Seminary Foundation. Hartford Seminary Foundation. 1966. p. 190. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Conduct during the siege of the legations
editThe old convert, of whose character the French Fathers spoke disparagingly, showed not the slightest reluctance to take our reply, and it was surmised that he had secured a friendly reception from the enemy hy promising information as to our position and resources. He was sent out at noon on the 15th by the sluice gate, followed, within an hour, by the man who had come in with him. It had been intended that they should be dispatched together, but, owing to a misunderstanding, this was not done, and the second man was fired at by the Chinese soldiers outside, with what effect is not known.
There was much rifle fire on the afternoon of the 15th, and one of the Student Interpreters of the Legation, Mr , Warren, was wounded at a loophole at a barricade in the Fu. It was doubtful at first whether his wound, though known to be serious, would prove fatal, but he died early in the night. He had done his duty gallantly throughout the siege. Next morning, early (16th July) there occurred the greatest loss which our defence had yet suffered, in the death of Captain Strouts, commanding the detachment of Royal Marine Light Infantry. He was hit while walking in the Fu with Colonel Shiba and the "Times " correspondent, Dr. G. Morrison, and died within two or three hours from exhaustion, due to the loss of blood. It is impossible for me to adequately express my regret for his loss. Captain Strouts and Mr. Warren were buried at 6 o'clock in the evening, and just as the funeral procession was being formed, word was brought that a messenger with a white flag was advancing from the North Bridge towards the main gate of the Legation. As he came nearer, he was recognized as the old convert. His approach, which owing to his feebleness was very slow and deliberate, was accompanied by a succession of shells from a Krupp gun, most of which burst over the Legation. One exploded close to a group outside the gate, who were waving handkerchiefs to encourage him. He brought a letter to myself, and a telegram in cypher to the United States' Minister, transmitted through the Chinese Minister in Washington. The reply to this, a terse statement of our experiences, has been published. The tone and style of the communication to myself were different from that of the letter of the 14th. Our refusal to proceed to the Yamen was accepted without demur, and assurances given that the Legations would henceforth be properly protected. So great was the change in the tone of this letter that we suspected something to have happened in the outside world alarming to the Chinese Government. In this we were correct, for on the 11th July the native city of Tien-tsin had been taken, and probably an immediate advance on Peking was feared. There followed on the receipt of this letter a suspension of hostilities for several days. Some shells were fired the next morning, but they were the last until the closing days of the siege, and for ten or twelve days there was no heavy rifle firing. The Chinese troops showed themselves freely without arms on all their barricades, came forward to talk to our men, and explained that orders had now been received not to fire. This ready obedience to the orders to cease fire showed how completely under the control of the Government had been the previous attacks. We were far from reciprocating the confidence they showed in our good faith, aud were at much pains, both by verbal explanations and warning placards, to make clear to them that il they came too close they would be shot, but it was very difficult to restrain their curiosity to see more of our defences. There were noteworthy differences, however, between the troops on different sides of us, those to the north and west—all Kansuh men under Tung-fu-hsiang— remaining sullen and suspicious. From other directions, and especially on the east, where Jung Lu's troops were posted, it was possible to obtain supplies (small, but welcome) of eggs and vegetables, the sellers being smuggled through the Chinese soldiers' lines in spite of the prohibition of their officers, and it was from this side that the messengers came with all later letters. They declared, in fact, that they could not get through the troops on our western side without being shot. The truce, by whatever motives dictated, was very welcome, and we were anxious not to abbreviate it by any action of ours, but it was evidently regarded by the Chinese Government as likely to be but temporary, for on all sides the work of strengthening their barricades and gun-platforms proceeded.
So great was their activity in this direction as to give some ground for a suspicion that the truce was treacherously designed to enable these works to be carried out without danger from our fire—a suspicion strengthened by reports (since ascertained to have been correct) that mines were also being dug under different parts of our lines. Against these we took unremitting precautions in the shape of trenches and counter-mines,
Papers by Command, Volume 105 By Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons
http://books.google.com/books?id=ds85AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=3F4LAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=R5tPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=rJgAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1246#v=onepage&q&f=false
Page 296
- Lipman, Jonathan N. (Jul., 1984). "Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu". Sage Publications, Inc. p. 296. JSTOR 189017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help)
Page 114
http://books.google.com/books?id=eSiGQwAACAAJ
Title The Boxer Catastrophe, by Chester C. Tan Author Chester C. Tan Editor Columbia university. Faculty of political science. [New York.]. Publisher Columbia University Press, 1955 Length 284 pages Rajmaan (talk) 02:30, 27 January 2013 (UTC)
Langfang
editPage 106
The last train, shuttling supplies between the base at Tientsin and the spearhead, was blocked at Yangtsun, where the steel bridge over the Pei Ho River was held by well-armed Boxer bands, with General Nieh Shih-cheng's relatively efficient and foreign-trained army also in the vicinity. Admiral ... The pursuit was conducted by General Tung Fu-hsiang's Moslem cavalry from Kansu Province. The fact that ...
Page 79
Captured banners identified the Kansu warriors of General Tung Fu-hsiang, an ex-bandit who stood high in the ... contingencies had come to pass: the Chinese armies had been ordered to make common cause with the Boxers. This ruled out all possibility of renewing the advance on Peking. Seymour prepared to withdraw down the river towards Tientsin, whence the mutter of distant gunfire was now ...
Page 13
Imperial proclamations began to show evidences of Court sympathy with the Boxers, who grew bolder and committed many outrages in the northern provinces . ... German and Austrian — were sent from Tientsin by rail and almost immediately after their arrival communications with the ... came down from Kansu with a horde of mixed Moslem and Chinese cavalry, who at once fraternized with the Boxers.
Page 228
... to the French Consul at Canton that General Tung Fu-hsiang with his wild Kansu levies has gone over to the Boxers, and is joining them in besieging the Legations. If the Tsungli YamSn's promised escort brings the Legations to the sea , i.e. to Tientsin, what sort of a welcome will they ... Their idea of the Boxers is what Li Hung-chang calls them, a fanatical rabble, thousands of whom could be dispersed ...
Page 97
6 Ch'anghsinhen was cut off when the Boxers attacked the junction at Fengtai on May 25th and hotel proprietor, the ... soldiers from remote Kansu province and there were rumors that the I Tientsin force were to be massacred when they ...
Sources
editPrimary sources, put in wikisource
http://www.freefictionbooks.org/books/i/2373-indiscreet-letters-from-peking?start=11
http://books.google.com/books?id=WmAuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA393#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=KcEtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA360#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=wGtxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA454#v=onepage&q&f=false
The Boxer Rebellion, Kansu Braves, World War 2 and the Muslim Ma Clan
editPg145
The Boxer Rebellion had repurcussions up to World War 2. The Muslim warlord Ma Hongkui, basically told the Japanese in WW2 the death of his clansmen (including his uncle Ma Fulu) during the Boxer Rebellion at the hands of the 8 nation alliance (including Japan) was unavenged, so Ma Hongkui and his cousin Ma Hongbin would have to fight the Japanese. (Ma Hongkui was Ma Fuxiang's son, Ma Hongbin was Ma Fulu's son).
Rajmaan (talk) 05:15, 18 June 2014 (UTC)
http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/50360185/
https://archive.org/stream/indiscreetletter008256mbp/indiscreetletter008256mbp_djvu.txt
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2753/CSH0009-4633100335?journalCode=mcsh20#.VbpspvlGR9g
http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/China_in_Convulsion_1000031259/253
http://library.uoregon.edu/ec/e-asia/read/boxrise.pdf
http://www.jhuapl.edu/ourwork/nsa/papers/China%20ReliefSm.pdf
http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=sociology_diss
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13173/centasiaj.57.2014.0185?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
- ^ Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1900). Papers by Command, Volume 105. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 30. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ MacDonald, Claude M.; Great Britain. Foreign Office (1900). Reports from Her Majesty's minister in China respecting events at Peking: Presented to both houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, December 1900. Vol. Volume 364 of Cd. (Great Britain. Parliament). H.M. Stationery Office. p. 30. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ The Politician's Handbook. Vacher & Sons. 1901. p. 137. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help) - ^ British and Foreign State Papers. Contributor Great Britain. Foreign Office. H.M. Stationery Office. 1905. p. 1246. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Tan, Chester C. (1955). Columbia university. Faculty of political science. [New York.]. (ed.). The Boxer Catastrophe, by Chester C. Tan. Columbia University Press. p. 114. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ O'Connor, Richard (1973). The Boxer Rebellion (illustrated, reprint ed.). Hale. p. 106. ISBN 0709147805. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Fleming, Peter (1990). The Siege at Peking (illustrated, reprint ed.). Dorset Press. p. 79. ISBN 0880294620. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Peking, North China, South Manchuria and Korea. Contributor Thomas Cook Ltd (5 ed.). T. Cook & son (F. H. & E. E. Cook). 1924. p. 13. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ 内川芳美, 宮地正人, 每日コミュニケーションズ (Firm). 国際ニュース事典出版委員会 (1900). 外国新聞に見る日本: 国際ニュース事典, Volumes 2-3. 每日コミュニケーションズ. p. 228. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}: Missing|author1=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wait, Eugene M. (2001). The Zenith of Imperialism, 1896-1906, Volume 2. Vol. Volume 2 of The Zenith of Imperialism. Nova History Publications. p. 97. ISBN 1590330838. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ "THE POWERS AND CHINA". Evening Post. 25 September 1900. p. 4. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|Issue=ignored (|issue=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Volume=ignored (|volume=suggested) (help) - ^ WEALE, B.L. PUTNAM, ed. (1922). Indiscreet Letters From Peking (China ed.). Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, Limited British Empire and Continental Copyright Excepting Scandinavian Countries by Putnam Weale from 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ WEALE, B.L. PUTNAM, ed. (1922). Indiscreet Letters From Peking Being the Notes of an Eye-Witness, Which Set Forth in Some Detail, from Day to Day, the Real Story of the Siege and Sack of a Distressed Capital in 1900--the Year of Great Tribulation (China ed.). Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, Limited British Empire and Continental Copyright Excepting Scandinavian Countries by Putnam Weale from 1921. p. 12. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Smith, Arthur Henderson (1901). China in a Convulsion, Volume 2. Fleming H. Revell Company. p. 393. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ LAND, J.O.P.; BACKHOUSE, E. (1910). CHINA UNDER THE EMPRESS DOWAGER. p. 360. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Backhouse, Sir Edmund; Bland, John Otway Percy (1914). Annals & memoirs of the court of Peking: (from the 16th to the 20th century). W. Heinemann. p. 454. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ LEI, Wan ((2010/2)). "The Chinese Islamic "Goodwill Mission to the Middle East" During the Anti-Japanese War". Dîvân Disiplinlerarasi Çalişmalar Dergisi. cilt 15 (sayı 29): 145. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); More than one of|pages=and|page=specified (help)
甘军
editI see the modern spelling Gansu braves is being used more now than it was before... In ictu oculi (talk) 17:48, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
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