Talk:List of countries by system of government/Archive 3

Archive 1

Archive 2

Archive 3

Peru

I've seen that Peru is listed as a semi-presidential republic, complete with academic sources that corroborate this being the case. So I won't make any attempts to dispute this.

However, what confuses me is that the pages Peru, Government of Peru and Politics of Peru all describe the President both as head of state and as head of government – which, by definition, would make Peru a fully presidential republic. I've looked into the Peruvian constitution and no reference is made to the President being HoG in art. 110, which otherwise describes them as HoS.

I was wondering if someone could explain Peru's exact system of governance to me? LVDP01 (talk) 07:54, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

I did some research into the matter. I discovered a a Reddit post (not a reliable source, I know, but bear with me for a second) that points out that Peru functions as a semi-presidential republic in practice, though de jure it is indeed a fully presidential regime.

Since this article indexes countries by de jure system of governance to my knowledge, I figure that Peru should likely be moved back to the presidential republic list. LVDP01 (talk) 18:22, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

I don't think countries specify their system specifically as "presidential system/republic" directly in those terms in the constitution and laws. Usually they describe the system itself not how it's categorized academically. Then this article attempts to classify those countries by using those statements and matching them with classifications.

First we need to have reliable definitions of what our categorization is based on.

A typology of executive-legislative systems

	Does the executive's survival depend on the legislature?
Is the executive (partly or wholly) popularly elected?	Wholly	Partly	No
Yes	Prime-ministerial	Semi-presidential	Presidential
No	Parliamentary	Semi-parliamentary	Assembly-independent

What's executive of Peru? Constitution defines in Article 118.3: It is the duty of the President of the Republic … To manage the general policy of the government. Article 122: The Cabinet has its own President. The President of the Republic presides over the Cabinet when he convenes it or when he attends its meetings.

So let's answer first question. Is the executive (partly or wholly) popularly elected? Clearly Yes. Article 111

Then second question. Does the executive's survival depend on the legislature? Partly (not the president). A censured Cabinet or minister must resign. Article 132

You can clearly see on Semi-presidential republic lead that is well-sourced that it doesn't mention at all head of state and head of government separation unlike lead of semi-presidential section of this article, which is unsourced and wrong. Only thing required for system to be semi-presidential is prime minister and cabinet being responsible to legislature.

Peru is not de facto semi-presidential republic and de jure presidential. It's misunderstanding of what presidential republic is. Otherwise every parliamentary republic with an executive presidency would need to be classified as de jure presidential. But neither of them are. -- Svito3 (talk) 23:07, 16 April 2024 (UTC)