Talk:Richard Hofstadter

Will?

Why is George Will the only critic mentioned in the "criticism" section? Will is a pundit, not a historian and it is pretty clear that he does not understand, and possibly has not read, "The Paranoid Style". Is a separate section for criticism really even necessary? There are various critiques of Hofstadters works throughout the body of the article. (OBC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.181.44.229 (talk) 05:04, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

I would like to edit this sentence from the "Biography" section for clarity, but what does it mean? "In The Idea of a Party System, Hofstadter described the beginning of the first party system in America as having been driven by an irrational fear that one of the two major parties hoped to destroy the republic." DSatz 17:34, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

It means that people like Washington and Jefferson were very much afraid of political parties as basically evil or dangerous. Hofstadter shows how the election of 1800 helped reduce this fear and establish the idea that two parties were good and should rotate. Rjensen 19:00, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Social Darwinism Publication Dates

Here's why I changed the dates regarding Hofstadter's Social Darwinism: I found that Dissertation Abstracts lists the date of Hofstadter's dissertation as 1945. The two academic libraries I've checked, as well as Fetchbook, show that it was first published in 1955. And if he didn't complete the diss until 1945, joining the faculty of Columbia in 1946 would not be "two years later" as the article said. --RedJ 17 16:40, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

• • the 1955 edition was a reprint. The U California library says:

Title Social darwinism in American thought, 1860-1915, by Richard Hofstader. Publisher Philadephia, University of Pennsylvania Press 1944. Rjensen 23:09, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Yes, Thanks RJensen, I just now found that the UPenn publication was reviewed by Morton White in 1945. I still don't understand why Dissertation Abstracts lists 1945 as his degree date. Thanks for making the correction. --RedJ 17 01:47, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Subtle Pro-Capitalist Bias?

I am unfamiliar with this gentleman's work, only visiting this page because of a casual mention of him in an article critical Wikipedia. However, reading this page, I can't help but feel that it is written in a fashion to subtly mock the man's ideas. For instance:

Beard's Civil War was a transfer of political power from Southern plantation elite to Northeastern capitalists. Slavery was not especially important as a cause.

Also:

Like his other books it was light on original research, for he did rarely worked in archives or newspaper files, preferring to read and sythesize secondary sources.

And:

Later critics undercut his thesis, showing that very few businessmen were Social Darwinists and instead took very different positions in favor of philanthropy, for example.

Pardon me if all of these items are factually accurate, and I'm just reading the derision in to it. The last item actually contains a link to a note which appears to be presently non-existent, but is probably meant to refer to a reference which justifies the statement. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by OldMiner (talk • contribs) .

Hofstadter was fond of irony, so he would enjoy this little debate. But H's weaknesses are not really in dispute. The Brown book and Foner article covers all the points in question (also Bannister on Social Darwinism). (Brown is on the right and Foner is on the left, by the way.) Hofstadter's greatest weakness is he did very little research into sources and relied heavily on secondary sources. He overcame this in his best book The Progressive Historians where he DID read the sources closely. Rjensen 11:59, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

It's not so much a matter of whether Hofstadter's weaknesses are "in dispute"; you're clearly more knowledgeable about the topic than I, so I'll take your word for it. The concern that the above author raised, and that I attempted to address in my edit, was the tone of the language and taking a point of view. The way things like this are often handled on Wikipedia is to create a "Criticism" subsection, in which the criticisms of Hofstadter (reliance on secondary sources, misstatements about Social Darwinism, etc) are detailed, with citations. Would you be willing to give this a shot, since you're up on the topic? MastCell 17:31, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Understanding "the tone of the language" instead of the language itself is a subjective enterprise. Each reader will interpret the "tone" in a different way. Shouldn't we merely try to understand the language and disregard the "tone," if there is one at all?Lestrade (talk) 16:38, 10 February 2010 (UTC)Lestrade

Edit Summaries

Hello - Rjensen, if you're making significant content changes to the article, could you please leave a more detailed edit summary than "tweaks" or "details"? It will help everyone who works on the article. Thanks. MastCell 22:27, 13 October 2006 (UTC) ^{Superscript text}

Hello, I have to agree that the page in its current state does not do justice to Hofstadter's work. It is biased and unfair to his arguments. My own doctorate is in European history and, therefore, I do not feel qualified to correct it. However, I would encourage anyone who is familiar with Hofstadter's work to revise it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.92.58.210 (talk) 22:05, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

I agree with the above. The entry on Hofstadter has a derisive tone that reads as if it is emanating from the ideological currents that were the subject of so much of Hofstadter's work. I wasn't aware that Hofstadter's treatment of social Darwinism was so seriously in error - except by those who uncritically accept the work of Spencer and Sumner and who are themselves embracing a discredited body of social theory. And while Hofstadter's radical years are interesting, the amount of space devoted to his 'Marxist' years seems disproportionate to the influence it had on his published work in U.S. history. Of course, the added emphasis on his political affiliations, despite his youth and the time period of the Depression, seems useful if one wanted to engage in guilt by association. The sociological and psychological roots of radical rightwing politics that Hofstadter explores remains widely accepted among social scientists. The past 25 years in American culture and politics, and the past 15 or so years of the ascendancy of righting rule in this country only further substantiates Hofstadter. Anti-intellectualism, the scientific racism of social Darwinism, and paranoia are very much the stuff of the conservative juggernaut of Reagan-Bushism. Hofstadter deserves better than this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.68.71.30 (talk) 03:34, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

SUNY?

The education section mentions State University of New York at Buffalo, in the 1930s. Wouldn't that institution have been The University of Buffalo at that time, and not incorporated into the SUNY system until the late 1960s? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.22.203.137 (talk) 02:37, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Consensus Historian

Without an explanation of what a "consensus historian" is and an accompanying comment with respect to how few there are, what view point they attempted to impose on history, when they arose, and when their view point waned in historiography, I see only confusion from the use of the term to describe Hofstadter. I had to knock about the net for a while before I got some idea of what one was. ```` CorlyssD FurnaldHall (talk) 23:26, 12 November 2021 (UTC)

POV tag

I added the POV tag based on the above criticisms - this article does seem to need an overhaul.PJtP (talk) 03:15, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

The POV tag is used when there are alternative interpretations in the Reliable Sources that have been left out. Just which RS does PJtP have in mind? Rjensen (talk) 03:32, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

No, the POV tag is used when an editor has pushed a POV outside of what the sources say and has introduced bias into an encyclopedia article. Rjensen, you cannot reverse the burden here. There is a glaring POV issue here, and according to the edit history, you appear to be responsible for it. Viriditas (talk) 04:23, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

The POV tag means there are important alternative viewpoints that are missing. Exactly what viewpoints are those?? Please cite the RS so we can move on. The rule is wp:POV Editing from a neutral point of view (NPOV) means representing fairly, proportionately, and as far as possible without bias, all significant views that have been published by reliable sources. Rjensen (talk) 04:30, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

No, Rjensen. I've added the {{POV-check}} tag. I've just taken a look at the tertiary literature on this subject, and it does not resemble the hatchet job you've created here. That's the first concern. The fact that your version of "history" isn't supported by the history books is a huge red flag. Viriditas (talk) 04:31, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

you might read the biography by Brown. As yet no examples have been provided--that makes it hard to figure out the complaint. Rjensen (talk) 04:46, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

You've got the burden to show that the article is supported, Rjensen. Let's start with the sources. Do the sources support the current article? Yes or no? Simple question. Viriditas (talk) 04:47, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

yes and I just added couple more sources. Which source is problematic? Rjensen (talk) 04:52, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Let's see, where should I begin? Let's start with your massive violations of WP:UNDUE throughout the article beginning with section two. The contribution history shows that you took a biographical section about his graduate school experience and turned it into a severely unbalanced portrayal of Hofstadter as a Marxist and a communist, even though no known reliable source on the subject portrays him that way, and he only joined the communist party for one year because he was interested in the radical issues they discussed during the 1930s, when membership was probably quite common. Brown, which is the source you used, titles this period in his life as "Education, 1916-1950", and provides a chapter about his "Radical roots". He does not call it "Early Communism" because, as the source points out, Hofstadter wasn't really a communist and, upon finding out what communists were really about, he repudiated the movement. However, these facts do not stop you from claiming "Richard Hofstadter was a Communist and a member of the Young Communist League at university, and later progressed to Communist Party membership." Please explain this glaring discrepancy between what the sources say about Hofstadter and how you have deliberately portrayed him. Viriditas (talk) 05:01, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

The text is quite accurate, and revolve around H's quotes. Geary says: "To Hofstadter, radicalism always offered more of a critical intellectual stance than a commitment to political activism. Although Hofstadter quickly became disillusioned with the Communist Party, he retained an independent left-wing standpoint well into the 1940s. Both his first book, Social Darwinism in American Thought (1944), and The American Political Tradition (1948) were written from a radical point of view." (p 428)" Rjensen (talk) 05:23, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Rjensen, your notion of "accuracy" is at odds with NPOV, namely WP:UNDUE, and the appropriate use of sources on Wikipedia. We don't cherry pick quotes or citations out of their biographical context to push a POV, nor do we generate unique perspectives on subjects that aren't reflected first by the secondary and tertiary literature. In situations like this, I start off by using the tertiary literature as a baseline. There are probably around a dozen or so biographical and encyclopedic entries on Hofstadter in print and online. None of them call him a Marxist or a Communist nor do they refer to his early educational period as "Early Communism" or "Marxist stage". Is this making sense yet? Viriditas (talk) 08:16, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

As for research: My draft was subhead: "Marxist stage" (which I believe is uncontroversial and I have re-added it. See my edit 13 Oct 2006 at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hofstadter&diff=next&oldid=81255092 Someone else (Mhazard9) three years later in 2009 changed that to "The Communist" see http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hofstadter&diff=322509939&oldid=322486386 As for his radicalism, better read Geary (quoted) and especially Wiener who argues that H was much more of a leftist radical than Brown says. As for secondary sources I don't believe Viriditras has read many of the cited secondary sources or indeed many of the Hofstadter's own articles and books. I was the one who added most or all of them and I read them all first. As for the totally false statement that " None of them call him a Marxist" Viriditas apparently has not seen the full length book on H in the 1930s by Susan Baker, Radical Beginnings: Richard Hofstadter and the 1930s (1985)--RADICAL beginnings, she says; the article says "radical stage". Baker writes, "Two aspects of Richard Hofstadter's career point to the conclusion that he was profoundly influenced by the political Left of the 1930's." ... "The philosophical impact of Marxism was so intense and direct during Hofstadter's formative years that it formed a major part of his identity crisis.... The impact of these years created his orientation to the American past, accompanied as it was by marriage, establishment of life-style, and choice of profession." And in any academic library Viriditas can find The Am Ntl Biog -- a leading tertiary source; it says H saw his role as "bringing Marxist categories and a left political commitment into a broader historiographical outlook." Rjensen (talk) 09:59, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

For the second time, please stop quote mining and cherry picking to push a POV and start finding me a reliable source—any reliable source—that presents Hofstadter as a Marxist or as a Communist in the way that you do. Considering how young Hofstadter was at the time and the incredibly short length of time between the time he joined the Communist party and the time he left the party, you are quite obviously violating WP:UNDUE in a most egregious manner. The preponderance of sources do not present Hofstadter in this light; It is your own invention and you are misusing sources to push this POV. They do not describe him as either a Marxist or a Communist, but rather someone who may have explored those ideas at some point. None of the sources I've examined call this part of his life a "Marxist stage" as you have done. You're clearly pushing this POV for a reason. Many of the quotes you cite above are opinions, which you are then combining with his own quotes while at the same time, stitching them together in a narrative that connects it to his critique of capitalism. Quote mining and cherry picking isn't acceptable. Viriditas (talk) 10:36, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Rjensen, why have you placed his early life and education into a section titled "Biography"? And why is there no mention of his graduation date from the University at Buffalo (1937)? Why have you failed to mention his M.A. in History in 1938? Instead, you've focused on mentioning that he joined the Communist Part in 1938. Yet, Hofstadter isn't known for being a Communist, he's known for his academic work, work you've completely ignored, such as his teaching career at the University of Maryland for four years. Starting to see the undue weight here, Rjensen? Viriditas (talk) 10:54, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

I've started making a few changes, beginning with the undue weight of the section heading, followed by the removal of the quotes, which you are welcome to move to wikiquote. Viriditas (talk) 11:01, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Viriditas can add the graduation date from college anytime, if he thinks its important (the text says he entered in 1933 and went to grad school in 1936--which seems clear enough). As for his MA thesis it was written from a far-left anti-New Deal viewpoint. (says Wiener). Viriditas says "Hofstadter isn't known for being a Communist" -- that's because he kept it a deep secret until historians discovered it in the 1980s; his dissertation advisor did not know he was in the Party. We have two full length biographies: Brown's bio uses the heading "Radical Roots" for a 25 page section covering the 1930s. Baker titles her bio Radical beginnings. Geary says his "left-wing standpoint' and "radicalism' lasted until the late 1940s. Wiener says he headed a Communist controlled student group while an undergraduate and wrote the Am Pol Tradition from a left wing perspective. Bender says H "saw his role as "bringing Marxist categories and a left political commitment into a broader historiographical outlook." Baker says, "he was profoundly influenced by the political Left of the 1930's." ... "The philosophical impact of Marxism was so intense and direct during Hofstadter's formative years that it formed a major part of his identity crisis.... The impact of these years created his orientation to the American past." Hofstadter himself wrote, "I hate capitalism and everything that goes with it". Viriditas is completely unaware of any of this -- he thinks all these scholars are all wrong while his unnamed sources undoubtedly support his own viewpoint--which is what? Viriditas never tells us what Hofstadter was "really" like. I suggest he go away, cool off, try practicing good faith, and read some RS. removing material violate NPOV rulesRjensen (talk) 11:07, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

I am aware of your quote mining and cherry picking to push a POV, Rjensen. Hofstadter taught at the University of Maryland for four years yet was a member-in-name-only of the Communist Party for what, a year? You priorities here are obvious, Rjensen. You don't seem to have any interest in writing a biography based on the sources, but on quote mining and cherry picking unweighted material about a single year in his life when he joined the Communist party, even thought the majority of sources say he wasn't a Communist. What does that tell you, Rjensen? Viriditas (talk) 11:11, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Rjensen, how is this edit by yourself in any way shape or form "NPOV"? Are you using a different definition of NPOV than Wikipedia? I ask, because it seems like you are. Viriditas (talk) 11:14, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

I never stressed his Communism. Instead what most RS stress is his radicalism down to about 1948. After that he became a liberal. Rjensen (talk) 11:18, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Rjensen, is it true that most sources stress his radicalism? The Encyclopedia of World Biography stresses the fact that his work criticized both liberals and conservatives, as it should. Do we find this kind of balance in this article? Viriditas (talk) 11:30, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Indeed in his radical days (1933-48) he was hostile to both capitalism and the New Deal, as the article says. Rjensen (talk) 11:41, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

I was referring to his criticism of the left and the right in his work, as represented (according to the EWB) by John Higham and Norman Pollack, not any "hostility" to an economic system. This is the kind of actual criticism needed in the article not George Will criticizing Obama. Viriditas (talk) 11:48, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

The EWB essay focuses on the 1950s-- but it's not a RS by a scholar (it's not even signed and no sources are given--compare that with serious books and long essays signed by scholars like Brown, Baker, Foner, Wiener, Pole, Howe etc ). George Will says Hofstadter has a major influence on liberals in the 21st century--that's a major point. Does anyone think Will is wrong?Rjensen (talk) 11:55, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

The EWB entry is signed by its author—Gerald W. McFarland, Professor Emeritus, Department of History, University of Massachusetts - Amherst. I would like to see better sources than an op/ed by Will about Obama. Viriditas (talk) 12:04, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

my apologies to professor McFarland. But it's a tertiary source and not recommended by Wiki rules. Use a reliable secondary source written by specialists--over a dozen are given. Will has been a leading oberver of political ideas for decades, and he's a good source on the topic he wrote about. Do you disagree with his assertion that Hofstadter influenced Obama? Rjensen (talk) 12:54, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Please read closer for comprehension. I previously explained to you that I use tertiary sources as a baseline to gauge importance and notability. Clearly, McFarland is a specialist, so your objection is dismissed. As for secondary sources, your own use of Brown shows that Hofstadter disliked the Communists and the Communist party, yet you've purposefully cherry picked quotes in an undue manner to show otherwise. Viriditas (talk) 22:23, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Criticism section

This section is ridiculous. To begin with, this is a relic from the mid-2000s when Wikipedia still had criticism sections, which we rarely use anymore, preferring to merge related content into related sections. The quote by George Will is from an outdated opinion piece on Obama's 2008 candidacy; it is not about Hofstadter at all, but mentions him in passing. We generally do not quote mine sources for criticisms when they aren't relevant to the subject, so this is yet again another poorly composed section with even poorer sources indicating heavy POV pushing once again. Viriditas (talk) 11:07, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

George Will has a Princeton PhD in political theory and is well positioned to comment on Hofstadter's intellectual influence on American thought. Obama is not at issue. Rjensen (talk) 11:18, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

The problem here isn't with George Will, it is with how the source is used. This source is about the 2008 election, not Hofstadter. Please stick to sources about Hofstadter in an article about Hofstadter. George Will is criticizing Obama, and he's using Hofstadter to do it. That really isn't appropriate for a biographical article. Viriditas (talk) 11:26, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

it's about the long-term influence of liberal intellectuals such as Hofstadter, Stevenson, the Lynds and Galbraith. Will's argument is that Obama's mind & other liberals are shaped by those folks, which is certainly an important legacy for Hofstadter. Rjensen (talk) 11:39, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

That's chronologically inaccurate since it is a criticism of Obama, not Hofstadter. Further, the source isn't relevant to a biography of Hofstadter. Seriously, this is Reliable Sources 101. I shouldn't have to tell you this, but you can't do this. Viriditas (talk) 11:45, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

try again: Will argues that Hofstadter has influenced Obama. That surely is an important point--do you think it's not true??? Rjensen (talk) 11:56, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Which explains why you are trying to make Hofstadter into a Marxist/Communist. Will's argument isn't relevant here, however, if there were a source /about/ Hofstadter that mentioned Obama, then yes, it might work. Viriditas (talk) 12:00, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Well, Hofstadter was a Communist, although he left the part in disillusionment in the late 1930s. All of which we cover. I don't see how a passing mention in an op-ed piece from a partisan columnist really fits into a serious discussion of scholarly responses and critiques of Hofstadter's work, though. MastCell ^Talk 19:11, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

I don't agree. The tertiary sources don't mention it because it isn't important, and historically, Hofstadter attacked the left and the right. Secondary sources like Brown (2006) note his "half-hearted commitment to the Communist Party" during his entire four months as a member, from October 1938-February 1939, after which he cultivated a "private rejection of both organized communism and the masses who filled the party's ranks." According to Brown, Hofstadter understood that Communists "would not think twice about stamping out critical thought if it furthered their agenda" and he "became increasingly convinced that labor radicalism constituted a serious threat to intellectual freedom". This is not a Communist at all, and the undue weight being given to his four months in the college version of the party at Columbia at age 32, a time he spent probably to keep his wife company, is absurd. According to Brown, "Hofstadter's radicalism was of a more cerebral, critical, and pessimistic kind." A fellow peer said that Hofstadter "was not a real hands on radical". Brown goes on for page after page explaining how Hofstadter disliked Communists and the Communist party, and there are many sources showing how Hofstadter attacked both the left and the right for their shortcomings. Viriditas (talk) 22:32, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Radical roots

I propose changing this section to two different neutrally-worded and standard sections comprising "Early life" and "Education". Viriditas (talk) 22:36, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

no, the RS say it was his radical period. You have to follow the RS -- like the two major biographies and numerous articles--instead of hiding the facts about Hofstadter. I checked on the Ency World Biog and it was written years before the Brown book appeared. Rjensen (talk) 22:51, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

The Brown book uses the subsection for a select group of years that the author terms "radical roots", but this is a sensationalistic chapter title listed under the parent heading of "Education". I haven't tried to hide any facts about Hofstadter, but rather to present them in proportion to their appearance in reliable sources, which you have twisted beyond what is necessary and allowed. Viriditas (talk) 22:55, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

you are trying to hide his radicalism and make him out as much more conservative than the RS say. That is a fringe view since the discovery of his far-left affiliations (which were hidden until recently). Rjensen (talk) 23:14, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

No, I am trying to fix a poorly written biography which you have slanted in an undue manner to push your personal conspiracy theory that Obama is a Communist. Hofstadter was a member of his college Communist Party for four months at the age of 32. He spent the rest of his time repudiating them. Clearly, the man had an informed opinion about Communists, so his writings have more weight informed by experience. However, his four months as a member of college Communist group that he disagreed with should not be given undue weight in this article, such as your continued dismissal of the four years he spent teaching. The problem here isn't Hofstadter or the sources, it's your obsession with making him out to be something he wasn't. Viriditas (talk) 23:36, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Hofstadter was on the far left throughout his formative years until the mid or late 1940s is what the RS say. It strongly influenced his first two books they say. For only a short while was he a member of the CPUSA but for 14 years he was intellectually on the far left. He certainly had to be to even consider joining the Party. He left because it started to support Hitler in 1939. Rjensen (talk) 00:34, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Please describe what you mean by the "far left" in the context of Hofstadter's life at the time. I ask, because the term "far left" is used quite differently by the radical right, to mean something other than what it actually means or how it is normally used. Surely, you must have examples of his "far left" beliefs and even actions he took to express them. For an example of this discrepancy, look no farther than the concept of national health insurance, which is considered a basic human right in the majority of countries on the planet. However, in the United States, for whatever reasons, it is often described by the radical right as a "far left" belief. One of many, many examples showing the disconnect between how words are used and how the public discourse has been hijacked by fringe groups. Viriditas (talk) 00:44, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

the far left denounced the New Deal as too capitalistic; -- as H did in his MA thesis. "I hate capitalism" said Hofstadter, Read the RS for the details -- Wiener is quite explicit. Rjensen (talk) 01:12, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

So, anyone who criticizes the economic system of capitalism is part of the "far left"? Can we find people in the center, on the right, and on the far right who also criticize what they hate about capitalism, and can we safely say that they are still in the center, on the right, and on the far right while maintaining this criticism? Going further, can we point to things about capitalism from the time of Hofstadter that people in good conscience can all agree to hate, such as child labor (two million children working in factories in 1919), unsafe working conditions, and low wages? Does one become part of the "far left" for hating what is inhuman and for demanding that which is more human? Or can we agree that the majority of rational people on all sides of the ideological spectrum, will agree to a standard of basic human working conditions? Is everyone now on the "far left" for agreeing to this? Viriditas (talk) 01:32, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

I hope Viriditas sooner or later will read up in the RS. Let us know when that happens. As for child labor, Hofstadter ridiculed the Progressive reformers who tried to end it, saying they suffered from status anxiety. Rjensen (talk) 01:38, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

I've read Wiener's book review, and it states what I've already said up above: "The Spanish Civil War was raging during his graduate school days, and in October 1938 he responded, as many of his peers did, by joining the Communist Party...at Columbia." In other words, nothing special here at all. Wiener calls him a "mainstream liberal", neither a Communist nor a member of the "far left". So, once again, the sources do not support your position. Wiener also notes that he wasn't subpoenaed as an alleged Communist, which pretty much tells you everything you need to know. Viriditas (talk) 01:55, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Wiener says H " became president of his university’s chapter of the National Student League, a Communist-led antiwar organization". That's far left as an undergraduate. Wiener: "His 1938 master’s thesis at Columbia was a fierce indictment of the New Deal’s Agricultural Adjustment Act for supporting Southern planters rather than poor farmers." that's far left. H wrote "My fundamental reason for joining,” the CP “is that I don’t like capitalism and want to get rid of it." that's far left. After he quit, he wrote "“I hate capitalism and everything that goes with it.” That's far left. Wiener: in 1944 "Hofstadter published his first book, a blistering exposé of capitalist ideology" that's far left. Weiner says re 'The American Political Tradition':

"Hofstadter wrote the book from a vantage point on the left." That's left in 1948. Bottom line: he was far left or leftist from 1933 to 1948. Rjensen (talk) 02:01, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Still having difficulty understanding how we use sources, eh? You, the editor, do not get to categorize him as "far left". You need to find sources that do, and you need to stop cherry picking and quote mining. The Wiener source you are using explicitly describes Hofstadter as a "mainstream liberal", not as part of the "far left". Viriditas (talk) 02:05, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

"Radical" and "Marxist" is what his biographers say, noting he was far enough left to want to join the Communist Party. He left it when it supported Hitler in 1939. Baker says "The philosophical impact of Marxism was so intense and direct during Hofstadter's formative years that it formed a major part of his identity crisis.... The impact of these years created his orientation to the American past." Rjensen (talk) 02:19, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

First of all, the section you've titled "Radical roots" is properly and neutrally titled "Early life and education". Second of all, you have given massive undue weight to the four months he spent as a "half-hearted" (Brown 2006) member of the Communist party, by adding three large paragraphs about it, while at the same time, ignoring the four years he spent teaching at the University of Maryland. So, right away, your treatment of this subject isn't supported by policy nor is it supported by the sources. Third of all, he didn't leave the CP because they supported Hitler; he left as I explained above, because he never was a Communist, he didn't like Communists, and he didn't believe in embracing an uncritical ideology. To quote Brown, Hofstadter's "first skirmishes with anti-intellectualism, in other words, were fought against the Left." Fourth, you are quote mining Baker to push your POV. Please look up the word "balance" and embrace it. Viriditas (talk) 02:41, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Hoftsadter spent his formative years as a college student and as a PhD student as a member of groups controlled by the Communist Party and for a year or so was a formal party member. Biographers agree that is needed to understand his political values. Note that his role was kept secret until 1980s (his PhD dissertation advisor Curti say he never knew at the time). Rjensen (talk) 01:07, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

Wiki call out for too many quotations ?

I think Wiki must be using a Robo editor to count the number of quotation marks used. Referring to:

Political views [heading] "... This article contains too many or too-lengthy quotations for an encyclopedic entry. Please help improve the article by editing it to take facts from excessively quoted material and rewrite them as sourced original prose. Consider transferring direct quotations to Wikiquote. (May 2012)

In this case the call out comes right after a section ... with a number of "words" in quotations .. these are not reference-able quotations but words. The call out is incorrect. Someone remove it. Danleywolfe (talk) 16:02, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

Coates reference

The Coates reference makes an extremely poor argument and should not be restored. When you boil it down, the only support for the argument comes from the erroneous belief that Hofstadter's dislike of radicalism (a view that he consistently held throughout most of his life), his favoring of incremental over radical change, and his valuation of certain long-held societal traditions and principles (such as the institution of academia) are solely "conservative" traits. To argue that having these beliefs makes Hofstadter "conservative" also requires one to believe that these are the sole defining traits of Burkean conservatism, which is nonsense on its face. The few actual Hofstadter quotes that Coates selects reflect, at most, a sympathy with moderate conservatives and a desire for a rational conservative movement. The desire for a reasonable opposition, with whom one can find common ground, is a view widely shared among the moderate left (particularly in recent years), so it's no surprise why Hofstadter's work still holds such strong appeal.

I do think Hofstadter's own political beliefs, to the extent he ever discussed specifics, were complex: as are practically everybody's. He certainly was not a "dogmatic liberal" (if such a thing exists outside of strawmen), and a strong case can be made that he was in agreement with moderate conservatives over certain things, as has been noted by others. The same can be said of a lot of people at a lot of points on the political spectrum. To argue that he became a full-fledged conservative goes against the grain of mainstream thought on the subject, and when that occurs, I don't think it's controversial to say that a high standard of evidence must be maintained. The Coates article does not meet that standard on its own merits, and Coates lacks any standing to be referred to as an authority. The article is clearly agenda-driven, and the only possible way that the argument holds any merit is if you were approaching it from the perspective that to make any effort to understand, sympathize with, or even agree with one's ideological opposition, means that one has wholeheartedly joined forces with "the enemy." That is a pattern of thought that I think Hofstadter would find extremely recognizable. Piffleking (talk) 18:34, 11 September 2014 (UTC)

TheWiki rule is that we keep sourced info and that if there are opposing views they also must be added. All the RS (Donald, Brown, Brick, Geary and Foner) agree with Coates that he became quite conservative after the episodes of the mid-1960s at Columbia, after being a fellow-traveler to the Communist party in his first stage. Rjensen (talk) 23:20, 11 September 2014 (UTC)

If you can back that up with quotes from Donald, Brown, Brick, Geary, or Foner then you should do so. Coates only uses those sources secondarily, as you have, and he interprets them poorly. In fact, there are numerous clear and unambiguous statements, from Brown and others, that Hofstadter remained liberal to the end of his life, and felt that the radical left was moving away from his vision of liberalism, not that he was moving. Here are several from Brown (including a secondary quote from Donald):

Coupling Hofstadter and Beard as models of the historian engagé suggests other connections as well. Each produced left-of-center scholarship early in his career, yet both were later depicted as out-of-step conservatives—in Beard’s case as a neopopulist isolationist, and in Hofstadter’s, a consensus-affirming liberal. In fact, a latent conservatism did sustain the historical instincts of both men. During his final years, Beard revised his views on the Founders, admiring their eighteenth-century use of government as a model of a simple American republicanism that compared favorably to the powerful centralized state he saw emerging from the Second World War. Hofstadter also rethought his political commitments, moving from a youthful radicalism to a more mainstream but equally critical liberalism. His appraisal of Beard’s intellectual development from muckraker to mature scholar—“to some degree he had quietly recanted”—could be accurately applied to his own progress as a thinker.19

He further noted that the prevalent style of liberalism was not liberal at all. It was soft, weak, and ideologically inconsistent. Rather than serve as a kind of consensual middle ground for the majority of Americans—like the Johnson constituency of 1964—liberals were tilting toward the left, in a sense abandoning their liberalism.

David Herbert Donald summed up Hofstadter’s frustrations during this difficult period noting that "as a liberal who criticized the liberal tradition from within, he was appalled by the growing radical, even revolutionary sentiment that he sensed among his colleagues and his students. He could never share their simplistic, moralistic approach to social problems of enormous complexity, any more than he could be attracted by their coarser rallying cries of politics."

The latter quote particularly interests me, because you (or I assume it was you) have used it in the main article, but carefully omitted the opening phrase (in bold), and even capitalized the first letter of "He," as though it were the actual beginning of Donald's sentence (as quoted in Brown). Why is that? Piffleking (talk) 13:11, 12 September 2014 (UTC)

References

Early life and education

The original section title, "Early life and education", is correct according to Wikipedia best practices, and our goal of keeping section headings neutral. Once again, Rjensen feels differently. Instead of using the talk page to explain why he keeps changing this section to the non-neutral title "Early life and radical views", he has once again used the edit summary instead, this time to argue (and I'm paraphrasing because he refuses to use the talk page properly) "Reliable sources call him a radical; see Baker biography entitled Radical Beginnings: Richard Hofstadter and the 1930s". Unfortunately, that in no way, shape, or form addresses my point about neutral section headings. This particular section is about his early life in Buffalo, New York, ("Early life") and his studies at Columbia University ("Education"). Rjensen has shoehorned a single paragraph about his political views into this section that is primarily about his early life and education, and misrepresents cited sources to argue that the section should be called "Early life and radical views". To do this, Rjensen first misrepresents Baker (1985), whose primary argument (according to a review of the work) shows that his undergraduate and graduate studies contributed to his political viewpoint. Finally, Rjensen cites Eric Foner, who just like Baker, shows how Hofstadter formed and developed his views in the university system. Rjensen's argument, therefore, actually supports the opposite of what he claims, as the sources he cites in the shoehorned paragraph about his early life and education, describe how his political views arose out of his educational milieu. I suspect Rjensen isn't stupid, and knows this is true, but insists on adding bias to this article. Viriditas (talk) 01:02, 29 June 2015 (UTC)

Update: I've removed the paragraph in its entirety, as the content already appears in the political views section. Either Rjensen is aware of this duplication or he isn't; if he is, then he should know that we don't repeat the same content twice in a biography. If he isn't aware, then he is now. Viriditas (talk) 01:07, 29 June 2015 (UTC)

Religion-category

How should we categorise/or not Richard Hofstadter's officials religious background/affiliation? "His father, a furrier, was a Jew born in Poland; his mother came from more established German Lutheran stock. Raised in the city’s vibrant German community, Hofstadter was christened in a Lutheran church and sang in a Lutheran choir" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/books/review/06tanenhaus.html). "His father was a nonobservant Polish Jew, his mother a devout German Lutheran. He was baptized and reared a Christian, but his own religious observance lapsed soon after his mother died of cancer when he was ten."(https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/richard-hofstadter-by-david-s-brown/). His mother died when he was ten, and his maternal grandmother brought him up as an Episcopalian.(Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: The 1960s COPYRIGHT 2003 The Gale Group, Inc., https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hofstadter-richard).

According to halachah (Jewish law) a Jew is anyone who was born of a Jewish mother or or converted to Judaism in a halakhic manner. There are no sources that indicate that Richard Hofstadter had a Jewish mother or converted to Judaism...So how about self-identification? Some one has mentioned potential sources that quote some bits and pieces here and there, that maybe indicate that he partially identified with his Jewish roots. Is that enough for us to label him a Jew? How about the rest? Yes, there is furthermore the mention about the Kaddish being recited in his memorial service in 1970. Does a recited Kaddish prove anything else than a partial connection or affinity for Judaism? I still think that categorising him as simply Jewish is a bit hastened and stands on shaky grounds. Let's forget identity politics and stick to a bulk of solid verifiable sources that concur with each other and could provide an answer. Which category or no category? Suomalainen konformisuus (talk) 11:24, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

As editors out job is to report what the reliable sources say--Brown is the standard work. I don't see what Jewish "law" has to do with it (is that European or American law?? Conservative or Reform or what "law"???). The RS agree--see Brown: As an adult, he clearly identified as a member of the Jewish community and was so regarded by his colleagues and competitors as a Jew. biographers point out he was discriminated against for being Jewish. -- and he in his letters complained about it--eg not getting a $$ fellowship in grad school. Rjensen (talk) 11:32, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

there is a request for RS: cites: 1) Brown. 2) Casden Institute for the Study of the Jewish Role in American Life by Andrew R. Heinze, ‎Jeremy Schoenberg, ‎Bruce Zuckerman - 2007: "Hofstadter (who was Jewish on his father's side and identified himself as a secular Jew)" 3)Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: The 1960s (2003) bio by Jack J. Cardoso: "Hofstadter and his wife became part of the community of Jewish intellectuals." 4) online at http://jbuff.com/hall.htm "The Buffalo Jewish Hall of Fame honors those who have made a lasting contribution to the Jewish community of Buffalo and Jewish Buffalonians who have made a lasting contribution to the world.J Selig Adler ... Richard Hofstadter (1916-1970). History." Rjensen (talk) 11:50, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Multiple sources are needed, not only one to override all other sources. A person has many roots/identifications, so why should we ignore one over another? So a "lasting contribution to the Jewish community" or Mr. Brown is not enough for this cherry picking categorisation? We have no source for Richard Hofstadter solely identifying as a Jew, if we go by self-identification as single the criteria for affiliation. Another approach would be sources that show that he was officially received in to a Jewish religious community, i.e. a conversion in some form or another. It's imprecise and definitely not not scholarly rigorous to cite comments on some of Richard Hofstadter community bondings and attachments as the single deciding factor. So, pending a more exact outcome and discussion, I hope the religious categorisation would not be applied. We can also continue the more loose and unsettled approach and just apply some/all the sources, mening we categorise him as Lutheran, raised Episcopalian and Jewish. The identity pluralist way instead of one thick in the box? I recommend no category, until further discussion and sources. Suomalainen konformisuus (talk) 13:11, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

We follow the RS--scholarly books in this case -- not some personal viewpoint based on zero cites about Hofstadter or 20c Jews in academia. the Jewish community of Buffalo officially states he was a "Jewish Buffalonians who have made a lasting contribution to the world" Rjensen (talk) 13:57, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Category:American Lutherans and Category:People of Jewish descent should in my humble opinion be added in accordance with the declared and presented sources, which at this point is the quite unambiguous consensus among scholars and available academic literature:

• Half Jewish (Richard Hofstadter David S. Brown https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/books/chapters/0806-1st-brown.html)

• Hofstadter's roaming, experimental style is often associated with the so-called New York Intellectuals—and more precisely with the American Jews who came of age in the world of letters and scholarship after World War II. Half-Jewish, half-Lutheran (Richard Hofstadter The pundits' favorite historian.By David Greenberg http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history_lesson/2006/06/richard_hofstadter.html, http://greenberg.rutgers.edu)

• Half Jewish (The University of Chicago Press Richard Hofstadter An Intellectual Biography David S. Brown http://press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/076407.html)

• or in Hofstadter's case, half Jewish (The Education of Richard Hofstadter Review by Sam Tanenhaus https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/books/review/06tanenhaus.html)

• And Richard Hofstadter was the only historian I knew of who had the same ethnicity as me—half Eastern European Jew, half German Lutheran. (Eric Rauchway https://historynewsnetwork.org/blog/28569, http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/1450/1/Brown,%20David%20S.%20-%20Richard%20Hofstadter%20An%20Intellectual%20Biography%202007.pdf

• Hofstadter was half- Jewish on his father's this eased his entry into the mainly Jewish world of the New Y Intellectuals (Richard Hofstadter, C. Wright Mills, and "the Critical Ideal" by Richard Gilliam http://www.jstor.org/stable/41210356?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents)

• Richard Hofstadter, a towering presence in American history in the mid-twentieth century, was “half-Jewish” on his fathers side, and had a ambivalent relationship with his Jewish identity. (Ethnic Historians and the Mainstream: edited by Alan M. Kraut, David A. Gerber https://books.google.com/books/about/Ethnic_Historians_and_the_Mainstream.html?id=Owv8jwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y, https://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/akraut.cfm, http://history.buffalo.edu/faculty/professors-emeriti/david-gerber/)

• Hofstadter, half Jewish and half Lutheran, as a cosmopolitan (Modern Republican: Arthur Larson and the Eisenhower Years By Stebenne David L..( https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/94/1/339/843731, https://history.osu.edu/people/stebenne.1)

• Hofstadter's complex ethnic identity, his father was Jewish and his mother Lutheran, influenced his scholarship (The Age of Reform: A Defense of Richard Hofstadter Fifty Years On Robert D. Johnston https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-gilded-age-and-progressive-era/article/age-of-reform-a-defense-of-richard-hofstadter-fifty-years-on1/88ACB639DA507B39DB7E65164A66F279., https://hist.uic.edu/history/people/faculty/robert-d-johnston) Suomalainen konformisuus (talk) 20:07, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

The "half" business is relevant for his childhood (his only Protestant connection died when he was 10 years old). The adult Hofstadter joined the Jewish community nd his status is celebrated officially by name by the Jewish Community. Rjensen (talk) 04:29, 28 March 2018 (UTC)

Please provide several scholarly rigorous sources in a clear ordered fashion to back that viewpoint. Regards, Suomalainen konformisuus (talk) 06:35, 28 March 2018 (UTC)

don't be a pain: any teenager can google these sources. The policy here is NOT to footnote categories: 1) Brown. 2) Casden Institute for the Study of the Jewish Role in American Life by Andrew R. Heinze, ‎Jeremy Schoenberg, ‎Bruce Zuckerman - 2007: "Hofstadter (who was Jewish on his father's side and identified himself as a secular Jew)" 3)Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: The 1960s (2003) bio by Jack J. Cardoso: "Hofstadter and his wife became part of the community of Jewish intellectuals." 4) online at http://jbuff.com/hall.htm "The Buffalo Jewish Hall of Fame honors those who have made a lasting contribution to the Jewish community of Buffalo and Jewish Buffalonians who have made a lasting contribution to the world. J Selig Adler ... Richard Hofstadter (1916-1970). History." Rjensen (talk) 08:17, 28 March 2018 (UTC)