Talk:Russian Americans/Archive 2

Latest comment: 8 years ago by Iryna Harpy in topic Slight historical inaccuracy
Archive 1Archive 2

Rudolf Nureyev

Isn't it silly to talk about Rudolf Nureyev as Russian American, when there is no record that he's lived in the United States. The neutrality of the article is disputed, and I urge to remove his picture of the album as fast as possible. Regards.--Kiril Simeonovski (talk) 10:49, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

Proposal to ban user-created montages from Infoboxes

You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Ethnic_groups#Infobox_Images_for_Ethnic_Groups. Bulldog123 09:41, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

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Sikorsky

Removed Sikorsky. His ethnicity might be Ukrainian or Pole, but not Russian. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.169.47.194 (talk) 10:44, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

New picture of N. Wood plz?

yeah...get another picture of Natalie Wood. that one is ugly can't even tell if its a woman. with good faith. PacificWarrior101 (talk) 19:31, 7 March 2012 (UTC)PacificWarrior101

Russian American qualifications

To be a Russian American or any fooian American, one must be an American citizen. This is what it means to be an 'American'. Everyone else in the US are visitors, green-card holders, expatriates, etc.--all of which is fine, but they are not 'Americans'. There is nothing to discuss here other than one editor who does not accept this basic fact and keeps adding non-Americans to this article. Hmains (talk) 04:11, 12 December 2013 (UTC)

First of all, based on what are you saying that citizenship is mandatory? From the content of the article, it seems to me that the article talks about Russians in the US, not always citizens.
Second, who said if Sharapova is not going to be in the collage, Brin should be? I personally don't think he should. There were many discussions in the past, non of them reaching a consensus by the way, which were focusing on the question: Should non ethnic Russians be in the collage? There were many example brought like for example Adyg Americans or so on, which are pages based on ethnicity. Learning the discussion page is useful before trying to edit war! I never heard Brin himself refer to himself as a Russian and it's important to know if he sees himself as a Russian American, a Jewish American, both, non, and so on.
So lets see what other people say here, is the collage restricted to American citizens, and is the collage restricted to ethnic Russians. 90.200.193.100 (talk) 23:34, 13 December 2013 (UTC)
I personally think the collage should not be restricted to American citizens, and therefore Sharapova is mandatory in it, as one of the most famous Russians in America. About Brin, does he actually refer to himself as a Russian American? What did he say regarding his identity? My IP changed again, so still me, obviously. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.13.108.100 (talk) 09:56, 14 December 2013 (UTC)

Signs of Russian Americans

1st sign this is U.S. citizenship.

2nd sign this is Russian ethnic origin.

3rd sign this is the territorial origin from the Russian World. ---Zemant (talk) 15:14, 14 December 2013 (UTC)

So by that definition Sharpova and Brin don't qualify to the collage, so who are the contestants to be used instead? 94.13.108.100 (talk) 19:20, 14 December 2013 (UTC)
Brin is Russian American in accordance with paragraph 1 and 3. Sharapova just Russian. Or just a woman of the world, global citizen. ---Zemant (talk) 20:56, 14 December 2013 (UTC)
Here is the thing though, I think self-identification should be considered as well. In the case with Jews many Russian Jews don't consider themselves Russian American but rather American Jews, does Brin actually consider himself Russian American as well? I was born in the Soviet Union but live in Britain, and I consider myself a British Jew, and not a British Russian, and I can say most Jews I met feel the same way. Do we have reference on Brin talking about himself and his identity? 176.251.48.55 (talk) 20:45, 15 December 2013 (UTC)
You seem fixated on Jews. Is that your real problem here? If so, get over it. This article is about people from Russia who became American citizens, regardless of religion. This article is also not about what people think about themselves, but simply facts. Hmains (talk) 02:44, 16 December 2013 (UTC)
First of all, stop using your socks for revert wars, it looks lame. Second, you saying I'm fixating on Jews is like me saying you are fixated on Jews because using your socks what you do in Russian American and Belarusian American is trying to "push" a Jew into the collage. Yes, I'm a Jew so the topic and those definitions interest me. Fourth, don't try to say what the article is about because you don't know it yourself. There were many discussion on this page on the topic, non of them resulting in a consensus. Examples were brought up including Armenian Americans and Kalmyk American who are ethnicity based pages. For example in Kalmyk American they will have only people of Kalmyk ethnicity, and not people of Russian ethnicity who happen to come from Kalmykia. Irish American is another example, they will not have a Jew, an Englishman or an Ulster-Scot in the collage, because the article is limited to people of Irish ethnicity. Here is the point, each article chooses what definition to use, but in that specific article that issue never resulted in consensus, and here you are coming and starting a pointless revert war using various socks when what you should have done is start a discussion. 176.24.123.150 (talk) 19:39, 16 December 2013 (UTC)
  • You might want to try to learn something about WP before you continue on your course. By the way, I do not use now and have never used any other name than user:Hmains in all my edits. What is going is that multiple users are reverting your unsupported editing. You can check on this by asking appropriate WP administrators. Hmains (talk) 03:23, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
Multiple users? Actually only 2, you and your sock, who "happen" to do it on the same pages in the same order. Even if Sharapova should not be in the image, who said it should be Brin to take her place? Wouldn't it make more sense if a woman takes it? Of course you don't think about those stuff because you find it easier to have a revert war rather then a constructive discussion. 176.24.123.150 (talk) 13:22, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
PS letting you know my dynamic IP changed again, it's still me, just so you wouldn't speak the rubbish of me being a sock. 90.214.121.50 (talk) 22:11, 30 December 2013 (UTC)

So...? Now that edit warring is out of question Hmains lost "interest" in the discussion? Since there is no consensus if Sharapova is an American I agree she should be removed, but we still have to agree who will take her place. Even though Hmains "decided" for everyone it should be Brin, I really don't agree because I never heard him identify as a Russian, and when you are talking about people of a different ethnicity it is important to base such a decision on the identity they prefer. I think the Noble Prize winner and American citizen since 1999 Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov is a very good candidate! 90.214.121.50 (talk) 20:31, 30 December 2013 (UTC)

Removal of Russian Jews from the InfoBox

There's been an edit-war going on as to whether to keep Sergey Brin in the infobox as a notable Russian American. I think it's generally agreed upon that Sergey Brin is a very notable person (having co-founded Google) and was born in Russia and immigrated to the US at age 6, and has retained his Russian language abilities. He seemingly meets all of the qualifications and is a good example of a notable Russian American. The only reason being mentioned for his removal is that he is Jewish. This is the same reason that other potentially notable Russian Americans such as Ayn Rand and Regina Spektor get removed.

The reason I think he should be included is because I believe it is possible to both Russian and Jewish at the same time. Technically speaking, Sergey Brin was Russian by nationality and Russian Jewish by ethnicity. In Russia, Brin may have been identified by his Jewish ethnicity (because that is how he was different in Russian society), but in the USA, he is primarily identified as being a Russian American. As per WP:NOTE, a quick Google web search (remembering to set "&pws=0") reveals that:

  • "sergey brin" "russian american" gives back 24,300 results, whereas
  • "sergey brin" "jewish american" gives back 10,800 results

Therefore, I think we should include him, and stop arbitrarily removing Russian Jews. ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 17:00, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

  • note this same IP user (who jumps around multiple IP addresses) is also insisting on removing the Scarlett Johansson image from Belarusian Americans. I just checked and her article also indicates she is of Jewish heritage. His excuse is his claiming that Johansson does not say she is Belarusian--but, of course, what she says or does not say has nothing to do with facts of the matter as sourced in her WP article. Hmains (talk) 17:19, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
Yes, if I were to guess I would say that users: 2.125.165.111, 2.222.87.118, 94.7.94.199, 90.214.121.50, 176.251.48.55, 90.200.195.80, 94.13.108.100, 90.200.193.100, 90.200.193.100, 90.222.33.115, 2.124.40.71 are all the same person, because they all exclusively edit the Russian American and Belarusian American (for this reason) and articles pertaining to British football. This ip user should consider getting a username, so that it easier to keep track of his/her changes. It may be user Sunderland_against_Di_Canio because they have a similar edit history and has stepped into this discussion.
Nonetheless, there is a legitimate debate as to whether we should include Russian Americans who are Russian Jewish in the infobox. I personally believe that we should, for the reasons I described above. ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 18:45, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
I always said I have a Dynamic IP, what exactly is the issue here? You are the one with two accounts, that one used only to obsessively put Brin in the collage (again, without a consensus). 2.125.165.111 (talk) 18:52, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
I'm not accusing you of using sock ips, but it would be a lot more convenient to keep track of your contributions if you used an account, especially if your IP changes every day. Anyway, I do have two accounts (the other is a WP:REALNAME account), but I do not use that account to edit this article. Editors with access to the CheckUser tool can verify this. ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 19:29, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
Yeah but what am I suppose to do if I have a dynamic IP? I always make sure to state it. It's not that I ever commented on my own thing "yeah you're right mate". Exactly, you have two accounts and you clearly state it, so how is me having a dynamic IP and stating it different? 2.124.8.204 (talk) 18:13, 4 January 2014 (UTC)
"Jumping around"? Do you have reading issues? I said many times I have a dynamic IP. Do you want to try and explain how Mankiw2 does your revert wars without ever writing an edit summery? 2.125.165.111 (talk) 18:50, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
  • Google results are not really a criteria we use, is it? Should or should not a non ethnic Russians be in the collage is a question which was already discussed many times on this talk page, and if you read the history, you'll see that every time such a discussion started it never reached a consensus. Some say the article is about Russian Americans as ethnic Russians in America, while some say it's about Russians as people with ancestry in Russia or the Russian Empire (the fact is, there are no Tatar, Kalmyk or Ukrainian people in the collage as well). Before pushing Brin, try to reach a consensus on that topic (good luck with that).
  • Also, much more important then Google results is self definition. For example! I'm a Jew, born in Ukraine, living in England. I consider myself a British Jew, and not a British Ukrainian. As you know, when dealing with ethnic minorities, you need to respect their self definition. If you find a link or article where he refers to himself as Russian, it will be very useful, you can't decide for him though if he's a Russian American or a Jewish American (or both).
  • I personally don't think Brin should be in the collage for a difference reason. I think the place of Sharapova should be taken by a woman. There are little women in the collage as it is! 2.125.165.111 (talk) 18:50, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
You highlight a good point-- there is no good definition of "Russian American", because people have different definitions of what that means. For example, we have Milla Jovovich in the collage, who is born in Ukraine to a Serbian father and a Russian mother. We also have Leonardo DiCaprio, who is only a quarter ethnically Russian. I think that in the collage, we should try to a diverse range of Russian Americans, with a preference to more notable ones. Since a large portion of people who immigrated from Russia to America were Jewish, I think they should be included. ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 19:55, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
Mila Jovovich is clearly a great candidate because she many times brought up the fact that her mum is ethnically Russian, she was raised in the Russian culture, and in the Russian Orthodox religion. It doesn't really get any more Russian than that. Being born in Ukraine doesn't change anything, Russians are the biggest ethnic minority in Ukraine, and even form a majority in certain cities.
Leonardo DiCaprio mentioned during his visit to Russia that he is not quarter but half Russian, and he mentioned that he "feels Russian".
A large portion of people who immigrated from Russia to America are Jewish, but when you talk about ethnic minorities, it really comes down to what they see themselves. Many Jews I met who came from Russia to America say "I have nothing to do with Russia" (and you can't blame them, when talking about not nice memories of anti-Semitism). Mila Jovovich and Leonardo DiCaprio, besides being partially of Russian ethnicity (which is already enough to qualify for the image), also defined themselves as Russian. How does Brin see himself? I didn't actually see himself referring to himself as Russian, but I did hear him talking about anti-Semitism in Russia, so I'm not sure how he defines himself. 2.124.8.204 (talk) 18:05, 4 January 2014 (UTC)
OK, how would you feel about adding Regina Spektor in this spot instead? You did mention that the collage does not have enough women. Plus it would be hard to argue that Regina Spektor doesn't identify with being Russian since she is quoted as saying “I’m very connected to the language and the culture.” Also she has multiple songs in Russian, and I think she would qualify by notability standards. I would like to see the infobox include some Russian Jews since they constitute a large portion of Russian Americans. ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 18:18, 4 January 2014 (UTC)
Not a bad idea a all, but here is a question, is she more known and notable that Kurnikova? Is Regina Spektor is really the best candidate to go in the collage? Or even better! Tatiana Proskouriakoff, a Russian woman who contributed a lot to the research of American (Native) culture and civilization! What do you think about that? 2.124.8.204 (talk) 18:24, 4 January 2014 (UTC)
As a Russian American, I definitely think Regina Spektor is more notable than Anna Kournikova. Kournikova did not achieve a world title, and her pro tennis career ended at age 21, and I think that there is an opinion that she is remembered mostly for being attractive (which is why she gets replaced with Maria Sharapova whenever she gets put into the info-box). I think there is a strong case for Regina Spektor (but I also think there is a strong case for Sergey Brin, so...) As for Tatiana Proskouriakoff, I don't think an argument can be made that she is more notable than Regina Spektor (she might have contributed more to scientific progress, but she is not more notable). As the title of my thread states, I want to make sure we don't just arbitrarily remove Russian Jewish Americans.ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 18:40, 4 January 2014 (UTC)
She didn't achieve any world title but she became a big model and public person and more people heard of her than of Spektor. It's true you mentioned Kurnikova got replaced by Sharapova, but by saying that you brought up the point that Kurnikova was the one who was originally there, therefore should be the default while a consensus is achieved. I don't think Jews who consider themselves Russian American should be arbitrarily removed, but we also should avoid a situation where Jews are "pushed" into the image to make a point, the criteria should be notability and personal definition. Even though Bon Jovi is part Russian, I wouldn't suggest him in the collage for the reason I don't know if he actually considers himself one and ever spoke about it properly. Jews, just like Tatars, or any other ethnic group, should not be arbitrarily removed, that's 100% true. In her area I think Proskouriakoff achieved much more notability then Spektor in music. 2.124.21.47 (talk) 20:34, 4 January 2014 (UTC)
Here is an idea! Wassily Leontief is a Russian American of Jewish ethnicity. He referred to himself as a Russian many times, but he has a Jewish mother. What do you think about adding him to the collage? Not to make a point, just because he qualifies. If you like the idea we do need to discuss in whose place he comes in! 2.124.21.47 (talk) 20:37, 4 January 2014 (UTC)

I've fully protected the page so that it can be discussed here without reverts going back and forth. Callanecc (talkcontribslogs) 01:31, 5 January 2014 (UTC)

Thank you! Hopefully it will clarify to people that discussion is something done before implementing changes. 90.221.242.150 (talk) 09:54, 5 January 2014 (UTC)

So let's summarize the situation so far! Maria Sharapova was removed because she's not an American citizen. I strongly believe that the place of Sharapova was taken by a woman, because there are not much women in the selection in the first place. The one who was in he selection before Sharapova was Kurnikova, but the reason Kurnikova was removed is because her notability in tennis is disputable (that's why she was replaced by Sharapova in the first place).

I suggest replacing Sharapova with Tatiana Proskouriakoff, a Russian woman who contributed a lot to the research of Native American culture and history. 90.221.242.150 (talk) 09:54, 5 January 2014 (UTC)

I don't agree that Tatiana Proskouriakoff, Wassily Leontief or Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov are nearly as notable as Sergey Brin, Regina Spektor or Ayn Rand, or the countless other Russian Jews that would get arbitrarily removed. Again, according to Google (with &pws=0):
"Tatiana Proskouriakoff" gives back 14,700 results
"Wassily Leontief" gives back 130,000 results
"Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov" gives back 277,000 results
"Sergey Brin" gives back 931,000 results
"Regina Spektor" gives back 1,340,000 results
"Ayn Rand" gives back 1,750,000 results
You might say that Google is not a good metric to go by in terms of notability, but these are 10-fold differences we're talking about. And yes, by this metric Anna Kournikova should be in our infobox (and maybe she should), but by switching Regina Spektor to Tatiana Proskouriakoff I am still getting the impression that you are removing Russian Jews arbitrarily. ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 17:59, 5 January 2014 (UTC)
Again, Google is not a meter of notability but popularity. Lady Gaga gets more searches than Nikola Tesla, and Justin Bieber has more search results than Beethoven, but will you actually base notability on those numbers? Again, in no ethnic group selection they used Google as a meter. Modern entertainment figures will get more search results than scientists, that's why a relatively unknown artist like Regina Spektor has more Google searches than Leontief (a Noble prize winner) and Proskouriakoff (who is obviously more notable). Saying that Spektor is more notable then Leontieff, excuse me, is ridiculous.
No one is "arbitrarily" removing Jews/Tatars/Kalmyks from the selection. However, when you are approaching an ethnic minority, you need to look at their own description. As a British Jew who was born in the Ukraine I can tell you I don't see myself as a British Ukrainian. I met a lot of Russian Jews in America who say they feel no connection to Russia. If Brin ever called himself a Russian (not just a Russian speaker, which we Jews actually very often use to make it clear we are not Russian but Russian speakers). Leontief is Jewish yet he called himself Russian many times, which shows how he sees himself, and therefore I suggested him for the selection, that already kills your claim about "arbitrarily removing Jews". Why do you oppose a Noble prize winner (who is also Jewish) for the selection? And why did you bring up Jews? I don't see any Tatar or Kalmyk people in the selection as well. 94.7.154.72 (talk) 18:33, 5 January 2014 (UTC)
I think if Lady Gaga or Justin Bieber happened to be notable Russian Americans, we would definitely include them in the infobox. That being said, we are also trying to get a diverse, representative group of Russian Americans for the infobox. Russian Jews represent a large portion (as mentioned in the article) of Russian immigrants to the USA, whereas Tatars and Kalmyks do not. Why don't you think Regina Spektor is a perfect compromise in this situation? She objectively identifies as being connected to Russian culture, is a musician (we have no musicians), is female (we're lacking on females), and is more notable than the alternatives we have brought up so far. If you think this is at least a reasonable compromise, it would save us the frustration of more arguing. ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 19:24, 5 January 2014 (UTC)
Common, seriously? You are trying to dodge an argument. If Lady Gaga would be Russian I wouldn't oppose her inclusion, obviously, but that's not the case. Here is the question! If Lady Gaga AND Beethoven were Russian, and you'd have to pick one, which one would you pick? Would you base it on Google?
I don't think Regina Spektor is a reasonable compromise at all because she's unknown, she made herself a name in an underground genre, but she is hardly Lady Gaga in terms of her weight in the music world, let's just say it like that. I don't think she is notable enough for the selection, regardless of her ethnicity. "Notable than the alternatives we have brought up so far"? Let's be honest, hardly anyone heard of her. Saying that she is more notable than Leontief (Noble prize) and Proskouriakoff (one of the biggest names in her area) is really not a statement that can be taken seriously.
"We have no musicians"? Who do you think Rachmaninoff and Stravinsky are, athletes? Besides, the whole entertainment group already got a lot of representation in the collage (actors, musicians), that's why I'm not even suggesting much more notable names than Spektor, like Bon Jovi.
I think the best compromise is Leontief. An economist (social science are not really represented), of Jewish ethnicity, always identified as a Russian, a Noble prize winner. I don't see what your arguments are against him. What do you think?94.7.154.72 (talk) 20:45, 5 January 2014 (UTC)

That's just hilarious. Ones a discussion started, Hmains disappeared and didn't take part in it, but now that it went quite he returns doing the only thing he knows, revert war. ThoseArentMuskets disappeared when his only argument (Jews being removed for being Jews) was killed (my proposal to add Leontieff in the collage), but jumping on the edit war wagon with Hmains. Shouldn't people go through a minimum IQ test before editing on Wikipedia? Seriously, it's just getting stupid. 2.124.1.232 (talk) 20:13, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Ethnic Russians and Ukrainians in Brighton Beach, New York City

I hear all the time that Brighton Beach in Brooklyn, New York City is mainly a Russian Jewish enclave and that ethnic Russians and Ukrainians don't exist there. Are there any ethnic Russians and Ukrainians in Brighton Beach by now or is it still dominated by Russian Jews? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.14.189.228 (talk) 03:18, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

Portrayal of Russians in American culture

Just as there is an article Portrayal of East Asians in Hollywood, it seems to me that there is scope for an encyclopedic article on media portrayal of Russians. Here is a BBC source: Russian baddies are back, showing that Russians were not always depicted as villains. – Fayenatic London 21:36, 10 March 2014 (UTC)

Can someone please revert changes done by Crosswords

Pushing in people without a discussion. As much as Zola Jesus is a good idea, it needs to be discussed. About Pamela Anderson, she has hardly any Russian blood, and I doubt anyone would be proud of her or call her "notable" (in any way). Michael Bloomberg is not Russian American in the modern sense, his ancestors came from Belarus in Ukraine which just happened to be occupied by Russia at the time (and again, it's a topic for a discussion. There is a difference between someone identifying as a Russian American even though they are Jewish, like Brin, while identifying as Russian Jews, like Bloomberg. Close but not always identical).— Preceding unsigned comment added by FixTheErrorNow (talkcontribs) 20:06, 16 April 2014‎

WP:UNDO tells you how. – Fayenatic London 07:48, 17 April 2014 (UTC)
Reverted. Given the kind of fighting we've had over the infobox people in the past, I think it would be safer to discuss changes first. I also have qualms about Zola Jesus being notable enough to be in our notable people infobox, and I think including Michael Bloomberg will lead to big shouting matches later (like it has with Sergei Brin). Pamela Anderson does not have a lot of Russian ancestry. ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 13:27, 17 April 2014 (UTC)
zola jesus and pamela anderson are russians go to their wikipedia page, it states zola is russian american and pamela is on mother side. Why else you think these chicks look so hot? Many Russians change their name when they immigrate into the US like Natalie Wood did, especially during the cold war russophobia was very widespread in america it was better to change your surname.--Crossswords (talk) 15:13, 19 May 2014 (UTC)
Zola Jesus is clearly Russian, but the issue with her (as mentioned earlier) is notability (WP:NOTE). Pamela Anderson has a Finnish grandfather, which, even though Finland was part of the Russian Empire, probably qualifies her more to be on the Finnish American page (which she is). ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 13:54, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

-link below http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2008/06/19/pamela_andersons_mom_wish/ she said it itself --Crossswords (talk) 19:00, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Off-Topic in Anti-Semitism/Jewish Immigration section

The 4 large paragraphs in the "Jewish Immigration and Antisemitism in the Russian Empire" section are mostly about the history of anti-semitism in the Russian empire. The scope of the article is "Russian American" so I added an off-topic label, and linked the content to Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire. There is another article Antisemitism in the Russian Empire which is largely similar to the content of this section.

Can someone condense the section to the main scope of the article: Jewish immigration to the United States? ThoseArentMuskets (talk) 19:04, 28 August 2014 (UTC)

Spanish colony

This statement is puzzling: "Spain claimed the land yet had never established a colony there. But due to the well armed Russian Fort, Spain could not remove the Russians living there. Without the Russians' hospitality the Spanish colony would have been abandoned due to their supplies being lost when Spanish supply ships sank in a large storm off the South American coast." first it says there was never a Spanish colony, then that the Spanish colony would have been abandoned.--Johnsoniensis (talk) 21:20, 22 January 2015 (UTC)

Slight historical inaccuracy

In Jewish_Immigration_and_Antisemitism_in_the_Russian_Empire section:
"The Pale was created to rid Moscow of Jewish influence" - but at the time St. Petersburg had already been built and made a capital. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Olegst90 (talkcontribs) 08:14, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

Irrelevant. Moscow was the city with the long-established Jewish community. What does the building of Petersburg have to do with the establishment of the The Pale? Please check reliable sources on the subject. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 20:49, 1 November 2016 (UTC)