Talk:Schramm's model of communication

Feedback from New Page Review process

I left the following feedback for the creator/future reviewers while reviewing this article: Thanks for creating the article!.

✠ SunDawn ✠ (contact) 14:27, 26 October 2022 (UTC)

Some minor comments

• In the first image, the circles containing the horizontal line are slightly crooked. No issue in subsequent images.
• Lead. "One important difference from other forms of communication is that successful mass communication is more difficult since there is very little feedback." This is very interesting and makes me wonder whether recent modifications have been made to the model in order to account for mass communication feedback in the Internet age? For example, live reacts on a streaming video, etc.
• Overview and basic components. "The process starts in the sender's mind". Does it require a mind? This seems important because it means Schramm's model would not work for computer-computer communication?
• Influence and criticism. "defenseless" feels weird tone-wise. Perhaps "passive" is sufficient?
• Influence and criticism. "pen pal" and "Everett Rogers" have articles in case a wiki link is appropriate.
• How widely was/is this model used? Any notable application?

GuineaPig_C77 (𒅗𒌤) ☕ 12:32, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

Thanks again for the feedback.

• The problem with the oblique lines should have been solved already, see [1]. Maybe you have to restart your browser so that the new version of the image is loaded again.
• I haven't done more research concerning modern models of mass communication but the increased role of feedback in it would make sense. Especially with social media and commenting, there is much more feedback now than in the age of mere radio and television.
• I think Schramm is mostly concerned with human communication. This is also reflected, for example, in his discussion of the role of "fields of experience" and the relationship between the communicators.
• I removed the term and added the links.
• I believe that the main influence of Schramm's model is how it affected other theorists by making them aware of the limitations of earlier models and by introducing new factors, like active audiences and feedback loops. There are also some applications, for example, to analyze John Paul II's theology, but I'm not sure they are notable enough to be mentioned. Phlsph7 (talk) 17:18, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

Yep, using a different browser worked. What you say about the scope being limited to human communication makes sense and now I see that it's consistent. Overall it looks great, glad to learn about this topic! GuineaPig_C77 (𒅗𒌤) ☕ 04:26, 1 January 2023 (UTC)

GA Review

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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This review is transcluded from Talk:Schramm's model of communication/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.

Reviewer: BennyOnTheLoose (talk · contribs) 20:57, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

GA review (see here for what the criteria are, and here for what they are not)

1. It is reasonably well written.

   a. (prose, spelling, and grammar):

   b. (MoS for lead, layout, word choice, fiction, and lists):

2. It is factually accurate and verifiable.

   a. (reference section):

   b. (citations to reliable sources):

   c. (OR):

   d. (copyvio and plagiarism):

3. It is broad in its coverage.

   a. (major aspects):

   b. (focused):

4. It follows the neutral point of view policy.

   Fair representation without bias:

5. It is stable.

   No edit wars, etc.:

6. It is illustrated by images and other media, where possible and appropriate.

   a. (images are tagged and non-free content have non-free use rationales):

   b. (appropriate use with suitable captions):

7. Overall:

   Pass/fail:

(Criteria marked are unassessed)

Happy to discuss, or be challenged on, any of my review comments. I've been really impressed by the list of articles you've nominated for GA - this looks like the least intimidating for me to attempt a review of. I may take a while as I'll need to read some sources to assess whether the article is suitably broad and focused. BennyOnTheLoose (talk) 20:57, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

Hello BennyOnTheLoose and thanks for taking on this task! I'm happy that the article finally gets a review. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:49, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

Copyvio check

• I reviewed top matches found using Earwig's Copyvio Detector. There's a 98.2% match that I'm confident is a backwards-copy. Two matches at 9.1% are literally just titles. I checked three of the 7.4% matches; again, these are just titles.
• No problematic paraphrasing found from the sources I reviewed.

Images

• The diagrams are all CC or PD. They are relevant and helpful to readers. Positions and captions are fine. The diagrams are adequately clear on my screen; I think most readers would know that clicking on the image would produce a larger display anyway. Going beyond the GA criteria (AFAIK), ALT text is present; I think it's adequate as the text explains the concepts presented in the diagrams, so no need to repeat it as ALT text.
• Regarding the "Schramm's model of mass communication" diagram, the diagram on p.21 of the 1970 edition of The Process and effects of mass communication has a more complex relatinonship between the equivalent of the "green dots" - is this an issue?

  The red dots are the direct receivers of mass communication. The green dots are the indirect receivers. The main point is that the green dots get their information not directly from the source but from the red dots. I assume the diagram in the source has more variety because group constellations are diverse. But it seems that the meaning of this additional complexity is not discussed in the source. The advantage of our version is that it is simpler and still gets the main idea across. But the diagram could be modified, e.g. by removing some green dots, adding some green dots elsewhere, and drawing some lines between them. What do you think? Phlsph7 (talk) 15:40, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

  As this additional complexity is not discussed in the source, I think it's fine to keep the version in the article as-is. BennyOnTheLoose (talk) 19:03, 20 June 2023 (UTC)

Background

• Schramm's model of communication is one of the earliest interaction models of communication and was first published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954 is fine but felt a little bit out-of-sequence as Wilbur appears towards the end; I'm thinking something like "Schramm's model of communication was first published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954 and is one of the earliest interaction models of communication.", but no change is actually required. (I tried rephrasing it starting with "Wilbur Schramm published..." but that led either to repetition or losing the phrase "Schramm's model of communication") Even if it is changed here, I don't think the start of the lead needs to be changed.

 Done

• Jim Blythe argues - consider adding a brief intro to Blythe (e.g. "marketing scholar Jim Blythe")

 Done

• Spot check on Models of communication are simplified presentations of the process of communication and try to explain it by discussing its main components and their relations - no issues.

Overview and basic components

• Spot check on For Schramm, communication has in its most basic form three parts: a source, a message, and a destination. The source can be an individual or an organization, like a newspaper or a television station. The same is true for the destination - no issues. "in its most basic form three parts" seems consistent with "Communication always requires at least three elements..." in Scramm (1960).
• Spot check on Models without a feedback loop, like the Shannon–Weaver model and Lasswell's model, are called linear transmission models. They contrast with interaction models, also known as non-linear or circular transmission models - no issues.
• when the source does not use the correct signs - what's the basis in the [sources for this? (I got myself overthinking here, probably.)

  From Schramm 1960 page 4: ...such a system can be no stronger than its weakest link... In human terms,...if the message is not encoded ... accurately.... Form page 5, its clear that encoding, in this context, is about using the appropriate words. The goal was to make the idea a little bit more concrete and easier for the reader to understand. Otherwise, this phrase is not particularly important and could be removed if there are doubts. Phlsph7 (talk) 11:11, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

  OK, I think it's useful to retain that. BennyOnTheLoose (talk) 12:26, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

• Schramm's model is based on the Shannon–Weaver model. The steps of encoding and decoding perform the same role as transmitter and receiver in the Shannon–Weaver model - the Shannon–Weaver model has already been mentioned, but not described. Is it worth adding a brief decription or a diagram?

  That's a good point. I've added a short description. Phlsph7 (talk) 11:29, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

• Spot check on For example, an American businessman is unable to encode their message in Russian if he has never learned this language. And an African tribesman who has never heard of an airplane is unable to accurately decode messages about airplanes - supported by source; as the source doesn't actually specify "an American businessman", consider repharasing that and "tribesman" per MOS:GNL.

   Done

Conditions of successful communication

• Spot check of Schramm lists four conditions of successful communication.... - I'm looking at the 1970 edition of The Process and effects of mass communication and it has "must" rather than "should" for the four conditions; "should" feels a little weaker than "must" here, but I'll see what you have to say. (After all, I've just read that "The lack of overlap can also happen for people within the same culture, for example, when an amateur tries to read specialist scientific literature."!)
• Similar point to the above re: the message should be accessible to them

  Good points. No reason for fence-sitting here. Phlsph7 (talk) 15:40, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

Application to mass communication

• Looks good.

Later developments

• Berlo can be "David Berlo" and wikilinked.

   Done

• the analysis of effects found in Berlo's model - consider expanding on this briefly.

   Done

• Berlo's model of the 1960s - maybe "from the 1960s"?

  I removed it since that information didn't seem important. Phlsph7 (talk) 15:40, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

Influence and criticism

• He objects to it and similar linear transmission.. - optionally, reword. The meaning is clear enough in context but I think the phrasing could be nicer.

   Done

• I did wonder whether "magic bullet" could be wikilinked but I'm not sure any of the options are really useful, even Magic bullet (medicine).

  The medicine article seems too specific. I think Schramm uses the term in a regular idiomatic sense to refer to an (overly) simple solution to a complex problem. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:10, 21 June 2023 (UTC)

Sources

• All sources appear to be of good quality. (I looked at Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard/Archive_232#Encyclopedia.com as initially I wasn't too sure about that site.)
• References for A Dictionary of Media and Communication, The International Encyclopedia of Communication, 12 Volume Set, Encyclopedia of Communication and Information and Communication in the Real World are missing page numbers, but this seems reasonable as the entry names are listed, and anyone who is going to follow up on these is likely to know how a dictionary or encyclopedia is laid out.
• Optionally, you could make the ISBN formatting consistent using Hyphenator

 Done

• Optionally, year rather than exact date is fine for hard copy book publication dates.

 Done

• Some cosmetic and minor changes I'd recommend, though not really necessary for a GA. (With thanks to User:Lingzhi/reviewsourcecheck):

• p/page should be pp/pages in Ref 3 (Bowman & Targowski 1987); ref 16 (Blythe 2009); ref 25 (Narula 2006); ref 34 (Schramm 1960, p. 13-4.); and a few others.

 Done

• Some page ranges have hyphens instead of dashes, e.g. Schramm 1960, p. 14-7; Schramm 1960, p. 20-1

 Done

• Scramm (1949) - too early for ISBN, perhaps needs a later edition and an added parameter for orig-year? Similarly for Schramm, Wilbur (1960) [1954] - I think ISBNs were a few years after 1960.

Thanks for catching that! It seems the ISBNs were from later editions but page numbers correspond to the editions of the publication year given. To avoid confusions, I just removed the ISBNs. Phlsph7 (talk) 07:49, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

Lead

• Looks good!

General

• Duplicate links seem reasonable per the recently-revised WP:DUPLINKS
• Are the instances of "In order" needed, or can they be removed?

 Done

• Looks like there could be redirects created for "Schramm model of communication" (without the 's); and "Osgood-Schramm Model"

 Done

• I've been looking at MOS:TENSE with respect to phrases like "For Schramm, messages are made up of signs", but I don't think changes are necessary. That section of the MOS is not too prescriptive, and we could WP:IAR anyway.
• I found the article very readable, with concepts explaiend clearly. From what I saw in sources, the article adheres to NPOV and is suitably comprehensive for a GA.

• I'm satisfied that the article meets the GA criteria, so I'm passing it. Great job, Phlsph7. Regards, BennyOnTheLoose (talk) 08:53, 21 June 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Did you know nomination

The following is an archived discussion of the DYK nomination of the article below. Please do not modify this page. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as this nomination's talk page, the article's talk page or Wikipedia talk:Did you know), unless there is consensus to re-open the discussion at this page. No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was: promoted by Red-tailed hawk (talk) 01:01, 1 July 2023 (UTC)

(

• Comment or view
• Article history

)

• ... that Schramm's model of communication introduced the idea of feedback loops to understand communication? Source:
  • ALT1: ... that according to Schramm's model of communication, communication is only possible if the fields of experience of sender and receiver overlap? Source:
  • ALT2: ... that Schramm's model of communication discusses the influence of prior experiences on how a person communicates? Source:
  • Reviewed: Template:Did_you_know_nominations/Kerr-Addison_Mine
  • Comment:

References

Sources:

• Blythe, Jim (2009). Key Concepts in Marketing. SAGE Publications. pp. 177–80. ISBN 978-1-84787-498-6.
• Littlejohn, Stephen W.; Foss, Karen A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. SAGE Publications. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-4129-5937-7.
• Meng, Xiangfei (2020). National Image: China's Communication of Cultural Symbols. Springer Nature. p. 120. ISBN 978-981-15-3147-7.
• Ruben, Brent D. (2017). Between Communication and Information. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-351-29471-3.
• Schramm, Wilbur (1960) [1954]. "How communication works". The Process and Effects of Mass Communication. University of Illinois Press. pp. 3–26.
• Steinberg, S. (1995). Introduction to Communication Course Book 1: The Basics. Juta and Company Ltd. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-7021-3649-8.

Improved to Good Article status by Phlsph7 (talk). Self-nominated at 10:34, 21 June 2023 (UTC). Post-promotion hook changes for this nom will be logged at Template talk:Did you know nominations/Schramm's model of communication; consider watching this nomination, if it is successful, until the hook appears on the Main Page.

General: Article is new enough and long enough
New enough: Long enough:

Policy: Article is sourced, neutral, and free of copyright problems
Adequate sourcing: Neutral: Free of copyright violations, plagiarism, and close paraphrasing:

Hook: Hook has been verified by provided inline citation
Cited: Interesting:

QPQ: Done.

Overall: @Phlsph7: Good article. Onegreatjoke (talk) 20:18, 21 June 2023 (UTC)

Oral cummnications

Sharmm model of cummnications 103.188.86.242 (talk) 13:26, 9 August 2024 (UTC)

oral communication

example of decorder ang encoder 2001:4456:CBF:7A00:9058:263:FE73:4E1D (talk) 15:21, 2 September 2024 (UTC)