Talk:Science/Outline

See Talk:Science/Outline discussion for discussion on this draft outline

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section. A summary of the conclusions reached follows.

Okay, I've closed this for the time being so we can focus on content, sourcing and then copyediting. I figure if there is overwhelming consensus to revisit layout, then that can be done way down the track. So time to shift focus elsewhere. Casliber (talk · contribs) 07:42, 27 October 2011 (UTC)

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• Lede

Etymology, History and Philosophy

Main article: History and philosophy of science

Etymology of Science

History of Science

Main articles: History of science and History of the social sciences

• Needham's Grand Question

  Formulations

  1. Why didn't science arise in China? -- Falsified by Lu Gwei-djen's dad in 1930s & afterward
  2. Why didn't scientific method arise in China? -- somewhat justified by POV of Taoism
  3. Why didn't science and civilization recover as fast in the Ming dynasty (Needham calls Ming science 'decadent'. The Ming came after the Mongols -- the Yuan dynasty) as compared to Europe of the same epoch
  4. Fara's version, p.53 'the Needham problem' Why didn't the mathematical natural science happening during European Renaissance also occur in China?
  5. Fara's version (p.54) of Nathan Sivin's answer to 'Needham problem': China's feudal society had not evolved mercantile capitalism, as was occurring in Europe at that time.

     NB: Needham was 94 by the time of his last contributions to 1995 SCC 7.2, having expended his life falsifying the question. I find SCC 7.2 to be a repetitive shadow of the SCC volumes from 50 years earlier.

  6. Fara's restatement (p.54) of 'Needham problem': "How did European activities lead to the form of science that now dominates the entire world?"

     NB see the graphs in 7.2 which shows how soon China's science integrated with rest of world's science. Chinese medicine, in particular has not yet integrated, in Needham's graphs.

  Fara, Patricia (2009) Science : a four thousand year history Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-922689-4 pp.53-54. See entire chapter, "China", as well as Notes, and Sources --Ancheta Wis (talk) 19:43, 19 October 2011 (UTC), and 01:27, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

Pre-modern Science

Main articles: History of science in early cultures, History of science in classical antiquity, Science and technology in ancient India, History of science and technology in China, Science in the Middle Ages, Islamic science, Science in Medieval Western Europe, and Byzantine science

• Ancient Near East
• Greek world
• India
• China
• Islamic world
• Medieval Europe

Modern Science

Main articles: Scientific Revolution, Age of Reason, and Age of Enlightenment

• Early Modern Europe
• Modern Science (In text links to disciplinary histories)

Philosophy

Main articles: Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of social science

• The concept of natural law, and the nature of truth
• Critique of the possibility of the above (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend)

Deductive science

Main articles: Deduction and Philosophy of Mathematics

• Formal deduction
• Limits of deduction (Russell, Godel)
• Contemporary responses

Inductive science

Main articles: Induction, Positivism, and Karl Popper

• Induction
• Arguments against induction (Hume)
• Positivism (Popper; Durkheim)
• Constructivist approaches (Kuhn, Lakatos; ?Habermas, ?Foucault)
• Anything that pops up in field review articles from the last 20 years of Philosophy of Science journals we haven't got

Scientific practice

Research program

Main article: Disciplinarity

Mathematics and formal sciences

Main articles: Formal science, Mathematical model, and Statistics

• Proof
• Completeness
• Internal consistency

Scientific method

Main article: Scientific method

Theory and Hypothesis

Main articles: Theory, Hypothesis, and Social theory

• Prediction as compared with
• Explanation

Test, Experiment, Observation

• Experiment
• Observation

Analysis

• Quantitative method, regression searching (econometrics)
• Qualitative method
• Discourse analysis, etc.

Research reporting and peer review

• Scientific publication, academic journal
• Peer review, review article, large scale reviews

Scientific community

Main articles: Science studies and Sociology of scientific knowledge

Branches and fields

Main articles: Natural Science, Social Science, and Formal science

Institutions

Main article: University

• Learned societies
• Research councils
• Academic journals

Literature

Main article: Scientific literature

Women in science

Main article: Women in science

Science and society

Main article: Science, technology and society

Science and Technology

Main articles: Technology, Engineering, Medicine, and STEM

Science policy

Main articles: Science policy, History of science policy, and Funding of science

Politics and public perception of science

Main article: Politicization of science

Media perspectives

Main article: Science communication

Pseudoscience, fringe science, and junk science

Main articles: Pseudoscience, Fringe science, Junk science, Cargo cult science, and Scientific misconduct

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.