Talk:Sonoma tree vole

Primary material

From: Kelsey, Rick G., Eric D. Forsman, and James K. Swingle, 2009. "Terpenoid Resin Distribution in Conifer Needles with Implications for Red Tree Vole, Arborimus longicaudus, Foraging." Canadian Field-Naturalist 123(1):12-18.

While they

are primarily a resident of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menriesii) forests, a small subset of the tree vole popu- lation in coastal northwest Oregon live and feed almost exclusively in forests of Western Hemlock (Tsuga het- erophylla) and Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) (Walker 1928, 1930; Clifton 1960). Occasionally they will uti- lize Grand fir (Abies grandis), Bishop Pine (Pinus muricata) or Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) canopies for food and nesting sites, especially in Califomia (Wo- oster and Town 2002; Forsman and Swingle unpub-

lished data, L. Diller personal communication).

One reason tree voles can exist on a diet of conifer

needles is that they physically remove the resin ducts from many of the needles they consume, thereby reg- ulating or reducing the amount of terpenoid resin in- gested, and thus partially controlling the digestibility and nutritional quality of theit diets (Howell 1926; Maser et al. 1981; Iason 2005; Iason and Villalba 2006). Douglas-fir needles contain two resin ducts near the outer margins (Figure 1). To remove them, tree voles bite off one needle at a time, hold it in theit front feet and rapidly pass it sideways through the mouth, using theit incisors to bite off a thin, longitudinal strip of tis- sue from the outer edge containing the resin duct. Then, they flip the needle over and repeat the process on the opposite edge. After removing both resin ducts, they eat the center portion of the needle (Howell 1926; Benson and Borell 1931). The average amount of time requited for the entire process was 11.5 seconds for a

vole we observed in captivity.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Petrelharp (talk • contribs) 16:01, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

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