The Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation is a cultural heritage organization of individuals who identify as lineal descendants of the Coahuiltecan people. They have a nonprofit organization, the American Indians in Texas-Spanish Colonial Missions, based in San Antonio, Texas.[1]
| Named after | Coahuiltecan peoples |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1994[1] |
| Type | nonprofit organization[2] |
| EIN 74-2717029[1] | |
| Purpose | A23: Cultural, Ethnic Awareness,[1] A20 Artist, cultural, organizations–multipurpose |
| Location | |
Official language | English |
Executive Director | Ramon Vasquez[2] |
Revenue (2017) | $557,641[1] |
| Expenses (2017) | $498,839[1] |
Staff | 4[1] |
| Website | tappilam |
The Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation is an unrecognized organization. Despite using the word nation in its name, the group is neither a federally recognized tribe[3] nor a state-recognized tribe.[4]
Texas has "no legal mechanism to recognize tribes"[5] and has no state-recognized tribes.[6] However, the state legislature passed a congratulatory resolution, that is an honorific and non-legally binding resolution, H.R. No. 787 honoring the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation.[7] By the early 2000s, efforts were made by members of the Tap Pilam Nation to "compile new information about languages spoken by geographically defined Coahuiltecans", as there had thus far been little consensus regarding the legitimacy of the Coahuiltecan language and which languages would fall under this family.[8]
The Tap Pilam claims descent from the American Indians who converted to Roman Catholicism affiliated with and some buried at Alamo Mission in San Antonio.[9][10] The American Indian tribes originally affiliated with the Alamo were the Jarame, Pamaya, and Payaya.[10]
History and Nonprofit organization
editThe contemporary use of the term Coahuiltecan refers to a 20th century "belief that the Coahuilteco language was spoken over a very large area in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico, and that all other languages documented for the same region were closely related to Coahuilteco."[11] This linguistic concept has been met with significant controversy, and some scholars prefer using more specific linguistic terms when writing on Central Texas indigenous languages and communities.[12] Members of the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation refer to their community as being descended from the over 500 tribes that lived in the regions of northeast Mexico and South Texas, whereas anthropologists have used this term to refer to the "hunter-gatherers in general who inhabited South Texas when Europeans arrived."[13] Members of the group also claim that the name Tap Pilam was used by early Europeans to refer to Coahuiltecans.[14]
In 1994, American Indians in Texas–Spanish Colonial Missions, also known as AIT-SCM was formed.[1][2] Based in San Antonio, Texas, the group is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, and a manifestation of the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation. It was founded by Raymond Hernandez, Joel Silva, and Richard Garay.[15]
Their subject area is cultural and ethnic awareness.[1] Their mission statement is "Preservation and protection of the culture and traditions of the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation."[1]
Their administration includes:
Church
editIn 1994, the tribe organized the Yanaguana Tap Pilam Native American Church of the Americas Church,[16] a Texas affiliate of the Native American Church of North America. [17] In the 1997, the church was named Tlecuauhtlacupeuh Tap Pilam Native American Church of the Americas.[16]
As of March 2021, the church administration included:
- President: Raymond Hernandez
- Treasurer: Mickey Killian
- Secretary: Isaac A. Cardenas
- Agent: Ramon Vasquez y Sanchez.[16]
Petition for federal recognition
editIn 1997, Tap Pilam: The Coahuiltecan Nation sent a letter of intent to petition for federal recognition.[18] They have not followed up with a petition for federal recognition, however.[19]
Texas legislation
editIn 2023, State Representative Mark Dorazio introduced Texas House Bill 2005[20] and Texas Senate Bill 1479[21] for state recognition of the Tap Pilam, and the bills were referred to the committee on state affairs in March 2023.[20][21]
Lawsuits
editThe organization claims descent from the American Indians who were Roman Catholic Christian converts,[10] buried at the Alamo Mission in San Antonio. In 2020, the Tap Pilam filed a lawsuit against the Alamo Trust, Texas General Land Office (GLO), Texas Historical Commission, the City of San Antonio and their leaders[9] in the U.S. District Court. The lawsuit was dismissed by a federal district judge.[22] A second lawsuit in 2021 was dismissed by a district judge.[23] "The joint dismissal with prejudice, approved by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit, means the claims can’t be re-filed against the defendants."[23]
The Tap Pilam's appeals were settled, and while they did not gain a seat on the committee overseeing archaeological digs at the Alamo and treatment of human remains, they are allowed to attend the committee meetings.[23] Following the settlement, Art Martinez de Vara, representing the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation said, “The Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation, as lineal descendants of the indigenous residents of Mission San Antonio de Valero looks forward to working with ATI [Alamo Trust, Inc.] to preserve, protect and proclaim the indigenous presence and heritage at Mission San Antonio de Valero for future generations of Texans."[23]
Stephen Chang of the GLO said: “The GLO has won every case that Tap Pilam has brought against the state. ... Courts have consistently rejected Tap Pilam’s claims because of their baseless claims."[24]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "American Indians in Texas-Spanish Colonial Missions". Cause IQ. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "American Indians in Texas-At the Spanish Colonial Missions". GuideStar. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Indian Affairs Bureau. Federal Register. 1 May 2022. pp. 7554–58. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
- ^ "State Recognized Tribes". National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
- ^ Brewer, Graham Lee; Ahtone, Tristan (27 October 2021). "In Texas, a group claiming to be Cherokee faces questions about authenticity". NBC News. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "State Recognized Tribes". National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ Turner of Coleman. "H. R. No. 787". Texas Legislature Online.
- ^ Thoms, Alston V; Alexander, Dawn A.J.; Brinkmann, Rhonda; Gottshall, Julia M; Logan, Jennifer L.; Sasser, Christopher H. (2001). "Reassessing Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Texas" (PDF). Center for Ecological Archaeology, Texas A&M University (4): 20.
- ^ a b Gibbons, Brendan. "Native American Group Tap Pilam Renews Legal Fight Over Human Remains at Alamo". Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ a b c "Mission San Antonio de Valero, The Alamo: Spanish Colonial Missions of the Southwest Travel Itinerary". Spanish Missions/Misiones Españolas. National Park Service. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ^ Campbell, T.N.; Campbell, T.J. (2004). Indian Groups Associated with Spanish Missions of the San Antonio Missions National Historic Park (PDF) (3rd ed.). San Antonio, Texas: Center for Archeological, The University of Texas at San Antonio. p. 15.
- ^ Ramer, A. M. (1996). Sapir’s Classifications: Coahuiltecan. Anthropological Linguistics, 38(1), pp. 7. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30028442
- ^ Tewes, David (January 25, 2002). "Coahuiltecan Indian spokesman wants graves undisturbed". The Victoria Advocate. pp. 1A.
- ^ Tewes, David (February 14, 2002). "Dupont has final decision on dig". The Victoria Advocate. p. 12.
- ^ Thoms, Alston V, et al. Reassessing Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Texas. College Station, Tex., Texas A & M University, Center For Ecological Archaeology ; San Antonio, Tex, 2001, pp. 50
- ^ a b c "Yanaguana Tap Pilam Native American Church of the Americas Church". OpenCorporates. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Directory of Native American Churches". Listing of Native American Churches. Archived from the original on 2005-03-08.
- ^ "List of Petitoners By State" (PDF). www.bia.gov. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "Office of Federal Acknowledgment". U.S. Department of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ a b "HB 2005. Legislative Session 88(R)". History. Texas Legislature Online.
- ^ a b "SB 1479 Legislative Session 88(R)". History. Texas State Legislature. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ "Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation v. Alamo Trust, Inc". U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas San Antonio Division. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d Dimmick, Iris. "Indigenous group, city and state settle lawsuit over Alamo human remains". Retrieved 16 Jun 2023.
- ^ Kovac, Birdie R. (4 December 2021). "Conflict over Alamo burials, Native American worship could continue after settlement talks break down". Disturb Media. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
External links
edit- Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation
- American Indians in Texas–Spanish Colonial Missions, nonprofit organization