Tarso Yega ("well", tedaga[2]) is a stratovolcano in Tibesti, with a summit caldera[3] that is 19 by 20 kilometres (12 mi × 12 mi) wide and 300 metres (980 ft) deep. The summit of the volcano reaches a height of 2,972 metres (9,751 ft),[1] and its caldera is the largest caldera of the Tibesti.[4] Neighbouring volcanoes include Doudriki east, Ehi Dosoatou south and Ehi Fodoboro southwest of the caldera. The Enneri Yega river drains the caldera westward and then south, before joining the Enneri Debarsar; in the past (Holocene) the rivers reached Lake Chad[5] and lakes formed in Tarso Yega.[6]
| Tarso Yega | |
|---|---|
 ASTER image of Tarso Yega, at the top | |
| Highest point | |
| Coordinates | 20°40′N 17°25′E / 20.66°N 17.42°E[1] |
| Geography | |
  Tarso Yega | |
The history of the volcano is characterized by the emission of tephras,[7] with the downsagging of the caldera floor generating a depression.[8] Basaltic vents[9] and lava domes were emplaced within this caldera,[10] and an intrusion named Ehi Yodéï developed 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) farther south.[11]
The caldera is heavily eroded, with almost the entire southern side eroded away,[4] and the younger Voon ignimbrite has been emplaced inside of it; it belongs to a different volcano, Tarso Voon.[10] Humans have used the caldera for irrigated agriculture.[12]
References
edit- ^ a b Permenter & Oppenheimer 2007, p. 615.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 115.
- ^ Permenter & Oppenheimer 2007, p. 620.
- ^ a b Deniel et al. 2015, p. 12.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 116.
- ^ Dinies et al. 2021, p. 42.
- ^ Permenter & Oppenheimer 2007, p. 617.
- ^ Permenter & Oppenheimer 2007, p. 623.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 99.
- ^ a b Deniel et al. 2015, p. 8.
- ^ Deniel et al. 2015, p. 13.
- ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 106.
Sources
edit- Deniel, C.; Vincent, P.M.; Beauvilain, A.; Gourgaud, A. (8 August 2015). "The Cenozoic volcanic province of Tibesti (Sahara of Chad): major units, chronology, and structural features". Bulletin of Volcanology. 77 (9): 74. Bibcode:2015BVol...77...74D. doi:10.1007/s00445-015-0955-6. ISSN 0258-8900. S2CID 129043535.
- Pachur, Hans-Joachim; Altmann, Norbert (2006). Die Ostsahara im Spätquartär (in German). SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-47625-2. ISBN 978-3-540-47625-2.
- Dinies, Michèle; Schimmel, Lena; Hoelzmann, Philipp; Kröpelin, Stefan; Darius, Frank; Neef, Reinder (2021). "Holocene high-altitude vegetation dynamics on Emi Koussi, Tibesti Mountains (Chad, Central Sahara)". Quaternary Vegetation Dynamics – The African Pollen Database. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9781003162766-4. ISBN 978-1-003-16276-6.
- Permenter, JasonL.; Oppenheimer, Clive (1 April 2007). "Volcanoes of the Tibesti massif (Chad, northern Africa)". Bulletin of Volcanology. 69 (6): 609–626. Bibcode:2007BVol...69..609P. doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0098-x. ISSN 0258-8900. S2CID 53463999.