Kaki Ae, or Tate, is a language spoken by about 500 people, half the ethnic population, near Kerema, in Papua New Guinea. It was previously known by the foreign designation Raeta Tati.
| Kaki Ae | |
|---|---|
| Tate | |
| Region | New Guinea |
| Ethnicity | 660 ethnic population (2015)[1] |
Native speakers | 630 (2015)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tbd |
| Glottolog | kaki1249 |
| ELP | Kaki Ae |
 Kaki Ae is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Classification
editKaki Ae has been proposed to be related to the Eleman languages, but the connections appear to be loans.[2] Søren Wichmann (2013)[3] tentatively considers it to be a separate, independent group. Pawley and Hammarström (2018) treat Kaki Ae as a language isolate due to low cognacy rates with Eleman, and consider the few similarities shared with Eleman to be due to borrowed loanwords.[4]
Distribution
editKaki Ae is spoken in Auri, Kupiano, Kupla (7°59′26″S 145°47′27″E / 7.990545°S 145.790882°E), Lou (8°00′58″S 145°48′48″E / 8.015988°S 145.813268°E), Ovorio (7°59′14″S 145°48′34″E / 7.987255°S 145.809446°E), and Uriri (7°58′42″S 145°47′41″E / 7.978345°S 145.794638°E) villages in Central Kerema Rural LLG, Gulf Province.[1][5]
Pronouns
editThe Kaki Ae pronouns are:
sg pl 1 nao nu'u 2 ao ofe 3 era era-he
Phonology
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | k | ʔ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ||
| Fricative | f v | s | h | |
| Approximant | w | l |
Kaki Ae has no distinction between /t/ and /k/. (The forms kaki and tate of the name both derive from the rather pejorative Toaripi name for the people, Tati.)
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ | u ũ | |
| Mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
| Low | a ã |
Vocabulary
editThe following basic vocabulary words are from Brown (1973),[7] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[8]
gloss Kaki Ae head aro hair uʔumo ear oʔi eye ere nose noʔi tooth huʔu tongue anara leg fera louse saruta dog evera bird mini egg mini umu blood ivare bone uki breast ame tree oproro man aru woman aʔu sun lare moon fuiya water haime fire aiyeʔi stone ere name iru eat muake one okiao two uʔungka
Further reading
edit- Clifton, John M. 1995. A grammar sketch of the Kaki Ae language. In: Albert J. Bickfield (ed.), Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, 33–80. Grand Forks, North Dakota: SIL.
References
edit- ^ a b c Kaki Ae at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Kaki Ae". Glottolog 4.3.
- ^ Wichmann, Søren. 2013. A classification of Papuan languages. In: Hammarström, Harald and Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.), History, contact and classification of Papuan languages (Language and Linguistics in Melanesia, Special Issue 2012), 313-386. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea.
- ^ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
- ^ a b Clifton, John M. (1997). "The Kaki Ae language" (PDF). Pacific Linguistics (D-89). Wurm, S. A. (editor): 3–66. doi:10.15144/PL-D89.3.
- ^ Brown, H.A. (Ed.) (2015). "Chapter 8: The Eleman Language Family". doi:10.15144/PL-C26.279.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
