Lawangan is an Austronesian language of the East Barito group. It is spoken by about 100,000 Lawangan people (one of the Dayak peoples) living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Lawangan has a high degree of dialectal diversity.
| Lawangan | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Kalimantan |
| Ethnicity | Lawangan people |
Native speakers | (120,000 cited 1981)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:lbx – Lawangantwy – Tawoyan |
| Glottolog | nort2888 |
Dialects
edit
Lawangan is divided into at least several dialects, including:
- Ajuh
- Bakoi (Lampüng)
- Bantian (Bentian), spoken at Bentian Besar, West Kutai Regency
- Banuwang
- Bawu (Bawo)
- Benuaq
- Kali
- Karau (Beloh)
- Lawa
- Lolang
- Mantararen
- Njumit
- Paser / Pasir. This dialect is spoken at Paser Regency and its surroundings. This dialect is also often known as "Paser language".[2][3]
- Purai
- Purung
- Tuwang
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Fricative | s | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ |
| Open | a |
References
edit- ^ Lawangan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Tawoyan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Ismail, Abdurachman (1979). Bahasa Pasir (in Indonesian). Vol. 23. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- ^ Darmansyah, Darmansyah (1979). "Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa". Bahasa Pasir (in Indonesian). Vol. 23. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- ^ Suryadikara et al. (1985)
Further reading
edit- Fudiat Suryadikara; Darmansyab; M. P. lambut (1985). Struktur Bahasa Lawangan [Lawangan Language Structure] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa – via Repositoris Institusi Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- Andriastuti; Yohanes Kalaniper; C. Yus Ngabut; Dadang Lorida (1992). Morfologi dan Sintaksis Bahasa Lawangan [Lawangan Language Morphology and Syntax] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. ISBN 979-459-186-6 – via Repositoris Institusi Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
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