The First Brazilian Republic was proclaimed on 15 November 1889, overthrowing the constitutional monarchy of the Empire of Brazil and ending the reign of Emperor Pedro II. This 1893 oil-on-canvas painting by Benedito Calixto depicts the event, which took place in Rio de Janeiro. A group of officers of the Brazilian Army, led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, had staged a bloodless coup d'état, deposing the Emperor and the Viscount of Ouro Preto, President of the Council of Ministers. The official proclamation of the republic was approved without a vote. The Emperor was informed and decided not to offer any resistance; he and the Brazilian imperial family were exiled to Europe. Calixto's painting now hangs in the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo.Painting credit: Benedito Calixto
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