The City (French: La Ville: cent bois gravés) is a 1925 wordless novel by Flemish artist Frans Masereel. In 100 captionless woodcut prints Masereel looks at many facets of life in a big city.
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| Author | Frans Masereel |
|---|---|
| Original title | La Ville: cent bois gravés |
| Genre | Wordless novel |
Publication date | 1925 |
| Publication place | France |
| Pages | 100 (recto only) |
Background
editFrans Masereel (1889–1972)[1] was born in Blankenberge, Belgium. His stepfather's political beliefs left an impression on the young Masereel, who often accompanied him in socialist demonstrations. Masereel left to study art on his own in Paris[1] and volunteered as a translator for the Red Cross in Geneva during World War I. He drew newspaper political cartoons, and copublished a journal in which he published his first woodcut prints.[2] In 1918 he created the book of woodcuts to feature a narrative, 25 Images of a Man's Passion,[3] which he followed with Passionate Journey (1919),[2] The Sun (1919), Story Without Words (1920), and The Idea (1920).[4]
Content and style
editUnlike many of Masereel's other books, The City does not follow the unraveling of a plot. Instead, a series of images of life in a big city are on display, showing people from different backgrounds and stages of life: a state funeral, the inside of a poor family's home, a woman's lifeless body dragged out of a canal, prostitutes and entertainers, courtrooms and factories.[5] It opens with a figure seated on a grassy hill staring at the smokestacked cityscape before him[6] and closes with a solitary woman staring from her attic into a star-filled sky.[5]
The visuals bear a strong German Expressionist influence—what critic Lothar Lang describes as "the pictorial vocabulary of Expressionism". Masereel shared with the Expressionists a fondness for the woodcut, though he rejected such labeling of his work.[5] Freed from the needs of plot Masereel was free to focus on individual images to express his vision of the city.[7]
Publication history and reception
editThe work was made up of 100 woodcut prints sized 5 by 3+1⁄8 inches (13 cm × 8 cm).[8] It was first published in 1925 by Albert Morencé in Paris, under the French title La Ville: cent bois gravés.[9] In Germany, Kurt Wolff published an edition titled Die Stadt.[10] Later editions include a 1961 edition from Pierre Vorms under a different French title, La Ville: cent gravures sur bois.[9] Dover Publications, Random House, and Schocken Books have published the book under the title of The City.[10]
Critic Perry Willett believed The City "must be considered Masereel's masterpiece woodcut novel",[7] and believed it anticipated the films Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis (1927) and Man with a Movie Camera (1929), in which the protagonist was the city itself.[11] Masereel continued to publish wordless novels throughout his life, from L'Oeuvre in 1928 to Route des hommes in 1964.[12]
External links
editThe City - Archive.org Source : Complete text online.
References
edit- ^ a b Masereel & Beronä 2007, p. v.
- ^ a b Masereel & Beronä 2007, p. vi.
- ^ Masereel & Beronä 2007, pp. vi–vii.
- ^ Willett 2005, p. 118.
- ^ a b c Beronä 2008, p. 36.
- ^ Siebert 2015.
- ^ a b Willett 2005, p. 121.
- ^ Beronä 2008, p. 248.
- ^ a b Beronä 2008, p. 244.
- ^ a b Eng & Kazanjian 2003, p. x.
- ^ Willett 2005, p. 122.
- ^ Cohen 1977, p. 190.
Works cited
edit- Beronä, David A. (2008). Wordless Books: The Original Graphic Novels. Abrams Books. ISBN 978-0-8109-9469-0.
- Cohen, Martin S. (April 1977). "The Novel in Woodcuts: A Handbook". Journal of Modern Literature. 6 (2): 171–195. JSTOR 3831165.
- Eng, David L.; Kazanjian, David (2003). Loss: The Politics of Mourning. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23235-8.
- Haibach, Philipp (2018-04-11). "Dieser Roman ohne ein einziges Wort macht sprachlos". Die Welt (in German). Archived from the original on 2018-04-11. Retrieved 2018-09-07.
- Masereel, Frans; Beronä, David (2007). "Introduction". Passionate Journey: A Vision in Woodcuts. Dover Publications. pp. v–ix. ISBN 978-0-486-13920-3.
- Willett, Perry (2005). "The Cutting Edge of German Expressionism: The Woodcut Novel of Frans Masereel and Its Influences". In Donahue, Neil H. (ed.). A Companion to the Literature of German Expressionism. Camden House. pp. 111–134. ISBN 978-1-57113-175-1.
- Siebert, Charles (2015-05-01). "Letter of Recommendation: Frans Masereel's The City". The New York Times Magazine. ISSN 0028-7822. Retrieved 2017-01-01.