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The Cottage is the oldest home in Thorpe, Surrey, and dates from 1490 when Henry VII was king of England.[1] Built when there was a plentiful supply of timber, it is a substantial timber-framed house with brick panels and during the last 500 years it has evolved and grown to what is now a quintessential English Chocolate Box Cottage.
| The Cottage in Thorpe, Surrey | |
|---|---|
 The Cottage on a winter's day | |
| Location | Thorpe, Surrey |
| Coordinates | 51°24′32″N 0°31′57″W / 51.40898°N 0.53259°W |
| OS grid reference | TQ 02154 68789 |
| Built | 1490 |
Listed Building – Grade II* | |
| Official name | The Cottage |
| Designated | 11 July 1951 |
| Reference no. | 1378051 |
  Location in Surrey | |
Elevated above the surrounding fields, bounded by rich woodlands and close to the river, the site of the Cottage is a perfect location for a nobleman of 1490 and the Cottage is the heart of the village. It had the village forge and blacksmiths in its garden, next door is The Red Lion Inn and opposite is the old post office.
History
editThe original house
editIn 1490 the left hand side of the house was built using timber framing, brick panels and strong diagonal braces. A similar type of construction was used in one of the houses at the Weald and Downland Museum, Sussex. Because bricks were a relatively new way of building they were not yet trusted to take the whole weight of the house; this is why timber was used for the main strength of the house.
The original timbers are thought to come from an earlier house on the site.[1] The same type of carpenters' marks are on the rear timber frame and one of the main cross braces, suggesting that they were crafted by the same carpenter.
The original front door led into a large open room with a fire in the centre for cooking. This was open all the way to the roof. There is evidence of soot covering some of the timbers on the first floor. To the left were two domestic rooms and a room above.[1]
North extension
editAbout 50 to 100 years later came the extension on the right hand side of the house. To the right of the porch is a double timber post - the left part of the post is the original Cottage, and the right part of the post marks where another whole house was added as the extension.
This second building was dismantled from elsewhere and rebuilt onto the Cottage as its extension. It is built in an earlier style - no cross bracing, just simple squares created from timber. This is likely to have been built much earlier before it was brought to the Cottage.
The original layout of this smaller house can be guessed from marks on the timbers - a two bay farmer's cottage with an internal jetty (overhanging first floor).[1] In the corner would have been a ladder to get to the first floor, which had a single bedroom with a crown post roof. Another timber-framed house from the Weald and Downland museum has a similar construction with little or no diagonal bracing.
Looking at the Cottage from the front shows clearly the two different construction methods - bracing on the left, no bracing on the right.
Improvements added in the 1500s
editMore improvements were added in the 1500s. Two fireplaces were built around a central chimney, providing one fire for the kitchen and one for a snug.[clarification needed] Around this time, a staircase was at the back and floors were built to give more bedrooms upstairs.
Improvements added in the 1800s
editLater the front porch was added. A 19th-century sales particular mentions that the front porch could easily be converted into an entrance hall. This added symmetry to the building and improved the layout.
Improvements added in the 1900s
editA bathroom was created inside. This may have been earlier but it is shown on early plans with Runnymede Council Planning Portal. A rear extension was made to the ground floor kitchen, with catslide roof.[2] The roof space was converted, and a conservatory was added.[3]
English Heritage listing
editIn 1951 the Cottage was entered into the English Heritage list as a Grade II* listed building. The entry is:
Cottage. C16 with C18 additions. Timber framed hipped tiled roof. Two chimney stacks. Brick panels white painted. Two storeys. Projecting two storey gabled porch in centre. Double timber post to right. Large panels and braces. Plain boarded door. To left, three-light, 6-pane casement and two-light casement. To right, two 2-light casements. Above - 4-pane casement, to right and left two 3-light casements. Catslide roof at rear.[4]
Thorpe Village
editThorpe is a village in Surrey, England, between Egham and Chertsey and has been settled since the Bronze and Iron Ages. It has 28 listed buildings with three being of particular interest: St Mary's Church, Thorpe House and the Cottage are designated Grade II*.
References
edit- ^ a b c d Domestic Building Research Group, Surrey report on The Cottage
- ^ Frederick Turner's "History of Thorpe" shows the Cottage in 1928 without the ground floor extension.
- ^ Runnymede Planning Applications for The Cottage show major modifications completed in the 1980s
- ^ Historic England. "The Cottage (1378051)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ISBN 0-9541460-2-6. THORPE. A Surrey Village in Maps. Egham-by-Runnymede Historical Society. Front page shows the Cottage
- ISBN 0-9508234-7-3. The Thorpe Picture Book. Jill Williams in collaboration with Mercer Bolds. Page 5 shows the Cottage.