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The Laidly Worm of Spindleston Heugh, also known as The Laidly Worm of Bamborough, is a Northumbrian ballad about a princess who is changed into a dragon (the "laidly worm" of the title).
Synopsis
editIn the Kingdom of Northumbria, a kind king in Bamburgh Castle takes a beautiful but cruel witch as his queen after his wife's death. The King's son, Childe Wynd, has gone across the sea and the witch, jealous of the beauty of the king’s daughter, Princess Margaret, and quick to take advantage of Wynd’s absence, turns her into a dragon. The enchantment used is usually:
- I weird ye to be a Laidly Worm,
- And borrowed shall ye never be,
- Until Childe Wynd, the King's own son
- Come to the Heugh and thrice kiss thee;
- Until the world comes to an end,
- Borrowed shall ye never be.
Later in the story, the prince returns and, instead of fighting the dragon, kisses it, restoring the princess to her natural form. He then turns the witch-queen into a toad and becomes king.
Variants
editThe ballad was first published in 1778 in a compilation of folk songs. The ballad was said to have been transcribed by the Reverend Robert Lambe, the Vicar of Norham, from a manuscript "made by the old mountain-bard, Duncan Frasier, living on Cheviot, A.D. 1270", although it is probable that Lambe wrote it himself, drawing on local stories.[1] In Joseph Jacob's version, the dragon Princess Margaret is appeased by putting aside seven cows for her per day. The prince, her brother, hears of it and comes for her despite his stepmother's attempt to keep him away.
The first studio recording of the ballad was sung by Owen Brannigan. The version sung was arranged by Vilém Tauský as an abridged narrative, having 10 verses as opposed to the original's 38 verses.[2]
Location
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Spindlestone Heugh (or Heughs) is a dolerite crag on the Great Whin Sill escarpment in the parish of Easington, Northumberland. The Spindlestone itself is a natural stone column standing out from the crag, which is also known as "Bridle Rock". According to a local legend, Child Wynd threw his horse's bridle over the rock before tackling the worm.[3] The ballad describes a cave and a stone trough used by the worm; a feature below the crag is marked "Laidley Worm's Trough" by the Ordnance Survey, but the nearby "Laidley Worm's Cave" was destroyed by quarrying in the 19th century.[1]
Origins
editThe story has a lot in common with the Icelandic Hjálmþés saga ok Ölvis.[4][5]
The Laidly Worm never made it into the "Reliques" but was reprinted in various other books after its discovery. Lambe sent the fragments to his friend Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore, another antiquarian. Percy had embarked on a British Empire-spanning project to collect all the oral and written lore and ballads, which he assembled into a volume called Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.
See also
edit- Kemp Owyne – a Child Ballad version of the tale, in which Childe Wynd is replaced by Kemp Owyne
- Lambton Worm
- Loathly lady
- The Laily Worm and the Machrel of the Sea
References
edit- ^ a b Westwood, Jennifer. "BBC Radio 4 Land Lines - Bamburgh". www.englandinparticular. BBC. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ Brannigan, Owen (2002). 'Berwick Fair' - Songs of North Northumberland (CD). Northumbria Anthology. Vol. 1. Arranged by Vilém Tauský. Occurs in track 13's commentary. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
- ^ Lebour, G A (1879), The Named Stones of Northumberland; being a list of huge stones, singly and in groups, in situ and detached, to which local names have been given in the County, published in History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club (p. 531)
- ^ Francis James Child, The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, v 1, p 306, Dover Publications, New York 1965
- ^ Hjálmþés saga ok Ölvis
Sources
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- Atkinson, Philip Folk Tales of North East England (http://viewbook.at/FolkTalesEngland)
- Henderson, Joan. The Laidly Worm of Bamborough. 1991.
- http://www.ferrum.edu/thanlon/dragons/collect.htm