Thecamonadinae is a subfamily of heterotrophic protists. It is a monophyletic group, or clade, of apusomonads, a group of protozoa with two flagella closely related to the eukaryotic supergroup Opisthokonta. The subfamily contains two genera Chelonemonas and Thecamonas, which are found in marine habitats.[2][3]
| Thecamonadinae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Class: | Thecomonadea |
| Order: | Apusomonadida |
| Family: | Apusomonadidae |
| Subfamily: | Thecamonadinae Larsen & Patterson, 1990[1] stat. nov. Heiss et al., 2015[2] |
| Type genus | |
| Thecamonas Larsen & Patterson, 1990[1]
| |
| Genera | |
| Synonyms | |
Morphology
editThecamonadinae are unicellular eukaryotes, exhibiting cells smaller than 10 μm, and an "Amastigomonas-type" cell body shape: plastic, oval to oblong, with a prominent proboscis that measures around ¼ of the cell body length. They have a rigid "tusk" of between 200 and 250 nm in diameter, that arises to the right of the anterior flagellum and extends around 0.5–1.0 μm. This tusk can be visible under optimal conditions of light microscopy. Aside from the flagella, they often present thin pseudopodia trailing behind the moving cell.[2]
Systematics
editHistory of taxonomy
editThecamonadinae was initially a family-level taxon, Thecamonadidae, described in 1990 by Jacob Larsen and David J. Patterson. At the time, it was composed exclusively of the genus Thecamonas, described by the same authors. Members of this family were characterized by a mobile anterior "snout" (or "tusk"), which is superficially resembling of the flagellate Rhynchomonas. However, their ultrastructure resembled Apusomonas in the pliable dorsal theca.[1] Posterior phylogenetic analyses showed that this family branched within Apusomonadidae, and the taxon fell out of use.[4] In 2015, Aaron A. Heiss and collaborators co-opted this taxon as a subfamily within Apusomonadidae to designate the clade uniting Chelonemonas and Thecamonas. This clade is supported by multiple phylogenetic analyses and accepted as a valid taxon.[2]
Classification
editAs of 2022, the subfamily contains two genera, Chelonemonas and Thecamonas, and a total of 7 species.
- Chelonemonas Heiss, Lee, Ishida & Simpson, 2015[2]
- Thecamonas Larsen & Patterson 1990[1]
- T. filosa Larsen & Patterson, 1990[1]
= Amastigomonas filosa (Larsen & Patterson, 1990) Molina & Nerad, 1991 - T. muscula (Mylnikov, 1999) Cavalier-Smith, 2010[4]
= Amastigomonas muscula Mylnikov, 1999 - T. mutabilis (Griessmann, 1913) Larsen & Patterson, 1990[3]
= Rhynchomonas mutabilis Griessmann 1913
= Amastigomonas mutabilis (Griessmann, 1913) Patterson & Zölffel, 1993 - T. trahens Larsen & Patterson, 1990[3]
= Amastigomonas trahens (Larsen & Patterson, 1990) Molina & Nerad, 1991
- T. filosa Larsen & Patterson, 1990[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Larsen, Jacob; Patterson, David J. (1990). "Some flagellates (Protista) from tropical marine sediments". Journal of Natural History. 24 (4): 801–937. Bibcode:1990JNatH..24..801L. doi:10.1080/00222939000770571.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Heiss, Aaron A.; Lee, Won J.; Ishida, Ken-ichiro; Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2015). "Cultivation and Characterisation of New Species of Apusomonads (the Sister Group to Opisthokonts), Including Close Relatives of Thecamonas (Chelonemonas n. gen.)". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 62 (5): 637–649. doi:10.1111/jeu.12220. PMID 25912654.
- ^ a b c d e Torruella G, Galindo LJ, Moreira D, Ciobanu M, Heiss AA, Yubuki N, et al. (November 2022). "Expanding the molecular and morphological diversity of Apusomonadida, a deep-branching group of gliding bacterivorous protists". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 70 (2): e12956. doi:10.1111/jeu.12956. hdl:2117/404026. PMID 36453005.
- ^ a b c Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E. (October 2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of Apusomonadida (Protozoa: Apusozoa): new genera and species". Protist. 161 (4): 549–576. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.04.002. PMID 20537943.