The Protestant and Catholic churches saw that the Lumad and Moro people were suffering and responded by contextualizing liberation theology into what would be called the Theology of Struggle.[1] The theology of struggle was developed by the Christians for National Liberation.[2] The Philippines was colonized by Spain, Japan, and the United States since the 1500s.[3] The theology of struggle was started in the Catholic church as a way of protecting the impoverished from the Marcos regime.[4] The Sisters of the Good Shepherd is a group of Filipino nuns living according to what they call a theology of struggle.[5] The nuns live among the impoverished and work alongside them to build political power, which puts them at odds with the Catholic church and the Filipino government.[5]
References
edit- ^ Levy L., Lanaria (August 6, 2017). "Book Review. Panagkutay: Bringing Us Right Into the Lumad Lifeworld". MindaNews. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
- ^ Gordon, Eric A. (August 7, 2019). "Christian Communism: Meet the hosts of 'The Magnificast' podcast". People's World. Longview Publishing. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
- ^ Elizarde-Miller, Drew (January 2, 2017). "Why We Need a Filipino Jesus". Sojourners. ISSN 0364-2097. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
- ^ "The 'Church of the Poor' in Our Time". The Manila Times. December 16, 2018. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
- ^ a b "Filipino nuns reject life in convent, take 'theology of struggle' to slums Written by Henry Kamm". Arizona Republic. February 14, 1981. p. 57. Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
Further reading
edit- Christologies, Cultures, and Religions: Portraits of Christ in the Philippines. OMF Literature. ISBN 978-971-009-521-6.
- Schumacher, John N. (1998). Revolutionary Clergy: The Filipino Clergy and the Nationalist Movement, 1850–1903. Ateneo University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-121-7. OCLC 911222660.
- Sison, A. (2006-11-13). Screening Schillebeeckx: Theology and Third Cinema in Dialogue. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-60210-6. OCLC 314846283.
- Bevans, Stephen B. (2002). Models of Contextual Theology. Orbis Books. ISBN 978-1-57075-438-8. OCLC 26014584.
- Smit, Peter-Ben (2011-08-25). Old Catholic and Philippine Independent Ecclesiologies in History: The Catholic Church in Every Place. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-21498-9. OCLC 754765322.
- Beller, Jonathan (2006). Acquiring Eyes: Philippine Visuality, Nationalist Struggle, and the World-media System. Ateneo University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-495-9. OCLC 173263452.
- Wiegele, Katharine L. (2004-09-30). Investing in Miracles: El Shaddai and the Transformation of Popular Catholicism in the Philippines. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-4575-9. OCLC 1013946132.
- Cruz, Gemma (2010-01-15). An Intercultural Theology of Migration: Pilgrims in the Wilderness. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-19367-3. OCLC 700941808.
- Amaladoss, Michael (2014-04-17). Life in Freedom: Liberation Theologies from Asia. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60899-409-0. OCLC 657600438.
- Presa, Neal D. (2018-03-31). Ascension Theology and Habakkuk: A Reformed Ecclesiology in Filipino American Perspective. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-76342-2. OCLC 1030609971.
- M, Brazal, Agnes (2019-03-27). A Theology of Southeast Asia: Liberation-Postcolonial Ethics in the Philippines. Orbis Books. ISBN 978-1-60833-758-3. OCLC 1055569856.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Nadeau, Kathleen M. (2002). Liberation Theology in the Philippines: Faith in a Revolution. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97198-4. OCLC 547275025.
- Fernandez, Eleazar S. (2009-02-01). Toward a Theology of Struggle. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60608-236-2. OCLC 808650453.