Thiotricha oleariae is a moth of the family Gelechiidae.[1] It is endemic to in New Zealand, where it has been recorded from the central part of the North Island south down to Stewart Island. The species is found at altitudes of between sea-level up to 900 metres. The larvae live in a constructed case, are leaf miners and are active in November. The larval host species are within the genus Olearia. Adults are nocturnal and on the wing from November to March.
| Thiotricha oleariae | |
|---|---|
| |
| male lectotype specimen | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | Thiotricha |
| Species: | T. oleariae
|
| Binomial name | |
| Thiotricha oleariae | |
Taxonomy
editThis species was first described by George Hudson in his publication, The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, in 1928 using a specimen collected by Stella Hudson at Days Bay in Wellington.[2] Stella Hudson collected a larval specimen feeding on Olearia solandri and George Hudson reared it to maturity.[2][3] The male lectotype is held at Te Papa.[4] The lectotype specimen is held at Te Papa.[4]
Description
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Larvae live in a constructed case.[2][5]
Hudson described the larvae of this species as follows:
The enclosed larva is very stout greenish-brown, much wrinkled with the horny head, dorsal plate of second segment and legs blackish; minute prolegs are situated on segments 7-10. The last segment is horny with well developed anal prolegs which retain a firm hold on the case.[2]
Hudson described the adult of the species as follows:
The expansion of the wings is slightly under 1⁄2 inch. The fore-wings are rather narrow, with the costa almost straight, the termen oblique and the dorsum nearly parallel with the costa; dull white, much sprinkled and clouded with pale brown on the basal fourth and on the costal region from about 1⁄3 to near the apex; there is a chain of black scales on the fold, terminating in a rather conspicuous black spot at about 1⁄3; clusters of black scales are usually present near the tornal region, in the middle of the termen, near the apex and sometimes in the disc. The hind-wings, which have the apex strongly produced, are dull greyish-ochreous; the cilia of all the wings are brownish-grey.[2]
Distribution
editThis species has been observed from the central part of the North Island south to Stewart Island.[3] It is found at altitudes from sea-level up to 900 metres.[3]
Behaviour
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The larva of this species is active in November.[2] It constructs a case approximately 1⁄4 inch in length.[2] The posterior third of the case is strongly angled and is made up of three leaves.[2] The angled portion of the case is the earlier formed portion, with the two subsequently formed parts of the case being more or less aligned.[2] The adult of this species are nocturnal and are on the wing between November and March.[3]
Hosts
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The larvae feed on the foliage of Olearia species, including Olearia solandri from within their portable case.[2][5] They mine and erode the leaves.[3][6]
References
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- ^ a b Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 459. ISBN 978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC 973607714. OL 25288394M. Wikidata Q45922947.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j George Vernon Hudson (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 254, LCCN 88133764, OCLC 25449322, Wikidata Q58593286
- ^ a b c d e Brian H. Patrick (December 2000). Lepidoptera of small-leaved divaricating Olearia in New Zealand and their conservation priority (PDF). Vol. 168. Wellington: Department of Conservation. pp. 1–26. ISBN 0-478-22015-4. ISSN 1173-2946. OCLC 48661253. OL 31493622M. Wikidata Q63012786.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ a b John Stewart Dugdale (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 83. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN 0111-5383. Wikidata Q45083134.
- ^ a b Lambert, Michelle Teresa (2015). Ecology of the declining Olearia lineata and not-threatened Olearia bullata in human-modified environments and implications for their conservation (MSc). University of Canterbury. doi:10.26021/7217.
- ^ "Thiotricha oleariae Hudson, 1928". plant-synz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 2018-07-10.