Thomas Frederick Dalton-Morgan, DSO, OBE, DFC & Bar (23 March 1917 – 18 September 2004) was a fighter pilot and flying ace of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.[1] He flew during the Battle of Britain, and is counted amongst the ranks of 'The Few'.[2]
Thomas Frederick Dalton-Morgan | |
|---|---|
| Born | 23 March 1917 Cardiff, Wales |
| Died | 18 September 2004 (aged 87) Australia |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service | Royal Air Force |
| Years of service | 1935–1952 |
| Rank | Group Captain |
| Service number | 37415 |
| Unit | No. 22 Squadron RAF |
| Commands | RAF Wunstorf Gutersloh Wing Ibsley Wing No. 43 Squadron RAF |
| Battles / wars | Second World War |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Order Officer of the Order of the British Empire Distinguished Flying Cross & Bar Mentioned in Despatches Bronze Star Medal (United States) |
Early life
editDalton-Morgan was born in Cardiff, Wales, on 23 March 1917 and attended Taunton School.[3]
RAF career
editOn 21 October 1935, he accepted a short service commission with the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the rank of acting pilot officer (on probation), and trained as a pilot,[4] being confirmed as a pilot officer on 26 August 1936.[5] He was promoted to flying officer on 26 April 1938 and was later sent to join No. 22 Squadron RAF, flying the Vickers Vildebeest torpedo bomber.[6] He was later seconded to war at the Air Ministry in London.
In April 1940 Dalton-Morgan applied to return to flying, and was promoted to flight lieutenant on 26 April.[7] He was then appointed to No. 43 Squadron RAF ("The Fighting Cocks") as a flight commander in June 1940. With minimal fighter experience as a fighter pilot he flew Hawker Hurricanes from RAF Tangmere (part of No. 11 Group RAF).
Battle of Britain
editDalton-Morgan's first 'kill' came on 12 July 1940 when he shared in the downing of a Heinkel He 111 bomber.
On 13 August 1940, the Luftwaffe began Operation Eagle Attack, which the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) began a major effort to destroy RAF Fighter Command in southern England. At 06:25, Dalton-Morgan was scrambled with 43 Squadron to support 64, 87 and 601 Squadrons. The RAF formations intercepted 20 Junkers Ju 88s from I. and 18 Ju 88s from II./Kampfgeschwader 54. They were escorted by V.(Z)./Lehrgeschwader 1. The German objective was to attack RAF Odiham and RAF Farnborough. No. 43 Squadron intercepted the Germans between Guildford and Brighton. Dalton-Morgan attacked a Ju 88 from the stab staffel, perhaps piloted by Oberleutnant Kurt Erdmann. He damaged the rudder and engine but was struck by return fire or became the victim of one of the escorting fighters; possibly Unteroffizier Walter Gerigk. Both the Ju 88 and Hurricane crashed and the German crew were captured by a local policeman. Dalton-Morgan had taken off without properly changing because of the rapid scramble, and he had difficulty and convincing the local constabulary he was not a member of the German crew.[8]
Quickly returning to his squadron, Dalton-Morgan was soon flying combat sorties and shot down four more enemy aircraft over the next three weeks. In early September 1940 he added three Messerschmitt Bf 109s fighters to his tally. On 6 September he again came worse off in combat with Bf 109s and he was wounded in the face and knee and was forced to crash land his Hurricane.
Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) was gazetted on 6 September 1940:[9]
This officer has shown great resolution as a fighter pilot and has led his flight, and at times his squadron, with conspicuous success. He has displayed great courage and determination in the face of heavy enemy odds, and has destroyed seven enemy aircraft. His behaviour in action has been an inspiration to the pilots in his flight.
Once more returning to No. 43 Squadron on 7 September, Dalton-Morgan now took over command and relocated the squadron to Northumberland to refit with new fighters and to train replacement pilots.
Pilot trainer
editFollowing the end of the Battle of Britain in October 1940, Dalton-Morgan concentrated on passing on his experience to new pilots. He also worked on developing the Hurricane fighter into a night-fighter with great success. He soon accounted for six further 'kills' flying his Hurricane at night. One of his most successful periods was over the nights of the 6 and 7 May 1941 when he shot down three Luftwaffe bombers over Glasgow. He was promoted to temporary squadron leader on 1 June.[10]
On 8 June he shot down a Junkers Ju 88 and two further 'kills' followed. On 24 July he intercepted another Ju 88 off May Island. Despite his engine starting to fail he pressed home his attack and downed the enemy bomber. His engine then completely quit and he was forced to land on the water, a highly dangerous exercise. He was later picked up by the Royal Navy.
For this attack he received a Bar to his DFC on 31 May 1941:[11]
This officer has displayed exceptional skill both as a squadron commander and an individual fighter. During two consecutive nights in May 1941, he destroyed three enemy aircraft bringing his total victories to 13. Squadron Leader Morgan has contributed in a large measure to the high standard of operational efficiency of the squadron
On 2 October 1941 he shot down another bomber, off Berwick-on-Tweed. Finally, in February 1942, Dalton-Morgan was rested with a tally of at least 14 aircraft shot down and several damaged.
Distinguished Service Order
editAfter a short period working as a fighter controller at RAF Turnhouse, near Edinburgh, he was promoted to temporary wing commander on 1 June 1942, and promoted to squadron leader (war-substantive) on 26 August.[12][13] He returned to operations in late 1942 to become leader of the Ibsley Wing. Commanding eight fighter squadrons, Dalton-Morgan organised long-range offensive sorties and bomber escort duties over northern France. He damaged an Bf 109 in December 1943, and then shot down a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter and damaged another during a sweep over the French port of Brest. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order on 25 May 1943:[14]
Since being awarded a bar to the D.F.C. in May, 1941, this officer has destroyed four enemy aircraft, bringing his total victories to 17 aircraft destroyed.
4th Fighter Group
editDalton-Morgan's bomber escort experience saw him attached to the 4th Fighter Group of the US 8th Air Force and flew over 70 combat sorties with the group. Promoted to wing commander (war-substantive) on 12 December 1943, he served as operations officer with the 2nd Tactical Air Force.[15]
In the buildup to the Normandy Landings he was part of the planning team organising the roster of ground targets. Shortly before the end of the war, he learned his brother John had been killed after being shot down in a de Havilland Mosquito.
Post war
editAfter the war he remained in Germany with 2nd Tactical Air Force. He was promoted to the substantive rank of squadron leader on 1 September 1945 and attended the RAF staff College, becoming a senior instructor at the School of Land/Air Warfare.[16] Promoted to wing commander on 1 July 1947, he commanded the Vickers Vampire equipped Gutersloh Wing before taking command of RAF Wunstorf.[17] He resigned from the RAF on 4 April 1952 with the rank of wing commander.[18]
On leaving the RAF, Dalton-Morgan joined the joint UK/Australian weapons testings facility, at Woomera, which he managed for the next 30 years before retiring in Australia.
In January 1945 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and mentioned in despatches in 1946, the same year he also received the US Bronze Star Medal.
He was exposed as committing bigamy ten days after receiving promotion as group captain.[19]
References
edit- Citations
- ^ "Battle of Britain – Roll of Honour". RAF. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "Obituary: Group Captain Tom Dalton-Morgan". The Daily Telegraph. 24 September 2004. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ Ashcroft 2012, p. 66.
- ^ "No. 34219". The London Gazette. 12 November 1935. p. 7168.
- ^ "No. 34329". The London Gazette. 6 October 1936. p. 6367.
- ^ "No. 34505". The London Gazette. 26 April 1938. p. 2712.
- ^ "No. 34849". The London Gazette. 14 May 1940. p. 2895.
- ^ Bergström 2015, p. 105.
- ^ "Dalton-Morgan, Thomas Frederick". TracesOfWar.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "No. 35187". The London Gazette. 10 June 1941. p. 3323.
- ^ "Dalton-Morgan, Thomas Frederick". World War Two Awards. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "No. 35618". The London Gazette. 3 July 1942. p. 2925.
- ^ "No. 35736". The London Gazette. 6 October 1942. p. 4384.
- ^ "Dalton-Morgan, Thomas Frederick". World War Two Awards. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "No. 36588". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 June 1944. p. 3083.
- ^ "No. 37511". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 March 1946. p. 1532.
- ^ "No. 38020". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 July 1947. p. 3419.
- ^ "No. 39718". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 December 1952. p. 6609.
- ^ Malins, Bill (11 May 2014). Coming in to Land: The Memoirs of Wing Commander Bill Malins DFC. Memoirs Publishing. ISBN 9780956510235.
- Bibliography
- Ashcroft, Michael (2012). Heroes of the Skies: Amazing True Stories of Courage in the Air. London, United Kingdom: Headline Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7553-6389-6.
- Bergström, Christer (2015). The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited. Oxford: Casemate. ISBN 978-1612-00347-4.
