Thomas Aloysius Finlay (17 September 1922 – 3 December 2017) was an Irish judge, politician and barrister who served as Chief Justice of Ireland and a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1985 to 1994, President of the High Court from 1974 to 1985 and a Judge of the High Court from 1971 to 1985. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South-Central constituency from 1954 to 1957.[1]
Thomas Finlay | |
|---|---|
| 7th Chief Justice of Ireland | |
| In office 10 October 1985 – 16 March 1994 | |
| Nominated by | Government of Ireland |
| Appointed by | Patrick Hillery |
| Preceded by | Tom O'Higgins |
| Succeeded by | Liam Hamilton |
| Judge of the Supreme Court | |
| In office 3 September 1985 – 16 March 1994 | |
| Nominated by | Government of Ireland |
| Appointed by | Patrick Hillery |
| President of the High Court | |
| In office 10 January 1974 – 1 September 1985 | |
| Nominated by | Government of Ireland |
| Appointed by | Erskine H. Childers |
| Preceded by | Aindrias Ó Caoimh |
| Succeeded by | Liam Hamilton |
| Judge of the High Court | |
| In office 2 March 1971 – 1 September 1985 | |
| Nominated by | Government of Ireland |
| Appointed by | Éamon de Valera |
| Teachta Dála | |
| In office May 1954 – March 1957 | |
| Constituency | Dublin South-Central |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 September 1922 Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | 3 December 2017 (aged 95) Irishtown, Dublin, Ireland |
| Resting place | Shanganagh Cemetery, Shankill, Dublin, Ireland |
| Political party | Fine Gael |
| Spouse |
Alice Blayney (m. 1947–2012) |
| Relations |
|
| Children | 4, including Mary |
| Parent |
|
| Education | Clongowes Wood College |
| Alma mater | |
Early life and career
editHe was the second son of Thomas Finlay, a politician and senior counsel whose career was cut short by his early death in 1932.[2] He was educated at Clongowes Wood College, University College Dublin (UCD) and King's Inns. While attending UCD, he was elected Auditor of the University College Dublin Law Society. His older brother, William Finlay (1921–2010), was a governor of the Bank of Ireland.
He was called to the Bar in 1944, practising on the Midlands circuit and became a senior counsel in 1961.[3]
Political career
editHe was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael TD for the Dublin South-Central constituency at the 1954 general election[4] He lost his seat at the 1957 general election.[5]
Legal career
editFollowing his exit from politics in 1957, having lost his Dáil seat, he resumed practising as a barrister. He successfully defended Captain James Kelly in the infamous 1970 arms trial.[6]
In 1971, he was tasked by the Fianna Fáil government with representing Ireland before the European Commission of Human Rights, when, in response to the ill-treatment of detainees by security forces in Northern Ireland, they charged the British government with torture. Despite the notional recourse such prisoners would have within the British legal system, the Commission ruled the complaint admissible.
Judicial career
editHe was subsequently appointed a High Court judge and President of the High Court in January 1974. In 1985, Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald and his government nominated him to the Supreme Court and the office of Chief Justice of Ireland. On 10 October 1985, he was appointed by President Patrick Hillery to both roles.
In this period he presided over several landmark cases, including the X Case in 1992, when he overturned a High Court injunction preventing a pregnant teenage rape victim from travelling to the UK for an abortion.
When, in the same year, Judge Liam Hamilton of the High Court, chair of the Beef Tribunal, sought disclosure of the cabinet's minutes for a particular meeting, Chief Justice Finlay along with the majority of the Supreme Court denied the request ruling that the concept of collective government responsibility in the Constitution took precedence.
He announced his resignation as Chief Justice of Ireland, and retirement as a judge in 1994.
Retirement
editAfter his retirement, he presided over several public inquiries.
Landsdowne Road Riot Inquiry
editIn 1996, he oversaw the inquiry into the violence by English fans at the aborted 1995 friendly soccer match versus the Republic of Ireland at Lansdowne Road.[7][6] His report to Bernard Allen, Minister for Sport, was critical of security arrangements on the night and recommended improvements to ticketing, seat-allocation, fan-vetting and policing arrangements. The Irish Government shared his report with the British Home Office.
Commission on the Newspaper Industry
editAfter the collapse of the Irish Press group in 1995, the Minister for Enterprise and Employment, John Bruton received a damming report from the Competition Authority that Independent Newspapers had abused its dominant position and acted in an anti-competitive manner by purchasing a shareholding in the Irish Press. In September 1995, Bruton announced the Commission on the Newspaper Industry with an extremely wide remit to examine diversity and ownership, competitiveness, editorial freedom and standards of coverage in Irish newspapers as well as the impact of the sales of the British press in Ireland.[8] Minister Bruton appointed 21 people[9] to the commission and appointed Justice Finlay chair. Due to the wide remit and huge number of submissions the commission's report was delayed[10] but was eventually published at the end of July recommending widespread reforms.[11][12][13]
Tribunal of Inquiry into the Blood Transfusion Service Board
editFollowing the discovery of the BTSB anti-D scandal, in 1996, Finlay was appointed the chair and singular member of the Tribunal of Inquiry into the Blood Transfusion Service Board.[14][15]
The speed and efficiency with which Finlay's BTSB Tribunal conducted its business, restored confidence in the Tribunal as a mechanism for resolving great controversies in the public interest.[16]
Sports Adjudication
editHe also sat on an IRFU panel to adjudicate the cases of Rugby players accused of using banned performance-enhancing substances.[2]
Personal life
editHe was married to Alice Blayney, who predeceased him in 2012. They had five children,[2] two of whom followed in his family's legal tradition; his son John is a Senior Counsel and his daughter Mary Finlay Geoghegan a former judge of the High Court, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. Whenever his work schedule allowed, he would escape to County Mayo where he could indulge his passion for fishing.[17]
Death
editSources
edit- Irish Times Obituary: Thomas Finlay, a considerate, patient and shrewd chief justice (Irish Times 6 December 2017)
- A man of common sense rather than abstract principle (Irish Times 18 October 1996)
- Former Chief Justices of the Irish Supreme Court
- Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry into the Blood Transfusion Service Board (1997)
References
edit- ^ Europa Publications (1997). The international who's who, 1997-98 (61 ed.). Europa Publications. p. 48. ISBN 1857430220.
- ^ a b c d "A considerate, patient and shrewd chief justice Obituary: Thomas Finlay". The Irish Times. 21 March 1996. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ^ "Former Chief Justices". The Supreme Court of Ireland. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
- ^ "Thomas A. Finlay Jnr". Oireachtas Members Database. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
- ^ "Thomas Finlay". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
- ^ a b McNally, Frank (18 October 1996). "A man of common sense rather than abstract principle". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- ^ McGreevy, Ronan (21 March 1996). "Terrible Lansdowne Road night almost ended in tragedy". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ Foley, Michael (11 September 1995). "Concern at back-up for newspapers commission". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ "Members of the Newspaper Commission". The Irish Times. 31 July 1996. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ Foley, Michael (21 March 1996). "Newspaper commission's report delayed". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ Foley, Michael (18 June 1996). "Commission seeks wide reforms for newspapers". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ "Main Recommendations". The Irish Times. 31 July 1996. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ O'Keefe, Barry (31 July 1996). "Minister to review below cost selling by British newspapers". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ "Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry into the Blood Transfusion Service Board" (PDF). Oireachtas Library. 11 March 1997. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
- ^ "High Court judge to be only member of hepatitis C inquiry tribunal". The Irish Times. 9 October 1996. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- ^ O'Toole, Fintan (6 February 1997). "Tight and focused terms of reference for new tribunal crucial for success". The Irish Times. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- ^ "Former chief justice remembered as 'one of life's true gentlemen'". Irishtimes.com. 5 December 2017. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ "Death announced of former chief justice Thomas Finlay". Irishtimes.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2017.